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Biostatistics
PASS program drill notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Mean? | Average |
| What is the Median? | Middle value |
| What is the Mode? | Most frequent value |
| What does Sensitivity tell you? | People that have the disease with + test |
| What does Specificity tell you? | People that don't have the disease with - test |
| What does Positive Predictive Value (PPV) tell you? | Probability of having a disease with + test |
| What does Negative Predictive Value (NPV) tell you? | Probability of NOT having the disease with a - test |
| What does incidence tell you? | New cases (rate per unit time) |
| What does Prevalence tell you? | Total cases (at one time) |
| What does the Odds ratio tell you? | Diseased are "x" times more likely to see risk factor |
| What does a Confidence Interval = 95% tell you? | 95% sure it lies within the interval |
| What does Relative Risk (RR) tell you? | Risk of getting disease with known exposure |
| What is NNT? | Number Needed to Treat to save 1 life |
| What does a p value <0.5 tell you? | Random chance taht you will be wrong 1 time out of 20 |
| What does a Null hypothesis tell you? | Nothing is happening |
| What does Power tell you? | Probability of detecting a true intervention |
| What is a type I error? | P value error, false negative "Too optimistic" |
| What is a type II error? | Power error, false positive "Too pessimistic" |
| What is Accuracy? | Validity "truth" |
| What is Precision? | Reliability "Keep making the same mistake" |
| What are the phases of clinical trials? | Phase I --> Toxicity "hurt patient? Phase II --> Efficacy "help patient?" Phase III --> Comparison "any better?" Phase IV --> post-marketing surveillance "can they screw up?" |
| Which clinical phase answers the question "Will it hurt the patient"? | Phase I |
| Which clinical phase answers the question "Does it help the patient"? | Phase II |
| Which clinical phase answers the question "Is there any other better"? | Phase III |
| Which clinical phase answers the question "can they screw it up"? | Phase IV |
| What is a Cohort study? | Prospective study that provides incidence (new cases), uses RR |
| What value is used or analyzed in a Cohort study? | Relative Risk |
| What value is used or analyzed in a Case Control study? | Odds ratio |
| What is a Case Control study? | Retrospective study that provides prevalence (total cases), uses Odds ratio |
| What is the biostatistical way to say, "new cases"? | Incidence |
| What is the biostatistical way to say, "total cases"? | Prevalence |
| What is a Cross Sectional study? | Provides prevalence "snapshot" |
| What is a Case Report? | Describes an unusual patient |
| What is a Case Series report? | Describes several unusual patients |
| What are Consensus Panels? | Panel of experts provides a recommendation |
| What is Clinical Wisdom? | "I think,,,,,,," paper |
| What is a Meta-analysis? | Tries to combine data from many trials |
Created by:
rakomi
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