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Exam 7 A&P
Origin-Insertion-Action-Innervation of Lower Limb/Foot
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscle of Triceps Surae Group | Gastrocnemis & Soleus |
| Function of Triceps Surae Group | Perform plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle joint, allowing the heel to elevate against gravity |
| Origin of Gastrocnemis | Lateral head: Posterolateral aspect of lateral condyle of the femur Medial head: Posterior surface of medial femoral condyle, popliteal surface of femoral shaft |
| Action of Gastrocnemis | Stand on your Soles. Gas explodes! (refers to the functions of posterior leg muscles; Soleus is for posture, while Gastrocnemius is for explosive movements) |
| Insertion of Gastrocnemis | Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon |
| Innervation of Gastrocnemis | Tibial nerve (S1, S2) |
| Origin of Soleus | Soleal line, medial border of tibia, head of fibula, posterior border of fibula |
| Action of Soleus | Talocrural joint: Foot plantar flexion |
| Insertion of Soleus | Posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon) |
| Innervation of Soleus | Tibial nerve (S1, S2) |
| Origin of Plantaris | Lateral supracondylar line of femur, oblique popliteal ligament of knee |
| Insertion of Plantaris | Posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon) |
| Action of Plantaris | Talocrural joint: foot plantar flexion Knee joint: knee flexion |
| Innervation of Plantaris | Tibial nerve (S1, S2) |
| Origin of Popliteus | Lateral condyle of femur, posterior horn of lateral meniscus of knee joint |
| Insertion of Popliteus | Posterior surface of proximal tibia |
| Action of Popliteus | Unlocks knee joint; Knee joint stabilization |
| Innervation of Popliteus | Tibial nerve (L4-S1) |
| Origin of Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus | Head of fibula, proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula, intermuscular septa |
| Insertion of Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus | Medial cuneiform bone, metatarsal bone 1 |
| Action of Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus | Talocrural joint: Foot plantar flexion; Subtalar joint: Foot eversion; Supports longitudinal and transverse arches of foot |
| Innervation of Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus | Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1) |
| Origin of Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis | Distal 2/3 of the lateral surface of fibula, anterior inermuscular septum |
| Insertion of Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis | Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone |
| Action of Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis | Talocrural joint: Foot plantar flexion Subtalar joint: Foot eversion |
| Innervation of Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis | Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1) |
| Origin of Tibialis Anterior | Lateral surface of tibia, interosseous membrane |
| Insertion of Tibialis Anterior | Medial cuneiform bone, base of metatarsal bone 1 |
| Action of Tibialis Anterior | Talocrural joint: foot dorsiflexion; subtalar joint: foot inversion |
| Innervation of Tibialis Anterior | Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5) |
| Origin of Extensor Digitorum Longus | (Proximal half of) medial surface of fibula, lateral tibial condyle, interosseus membrane |
| Insertion of Extensor Digitorum Longus | Distal and middle phalanges of digits 2-5 |
| Action of Extensor Digitorum Longus | Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints 2-5: Toe extension; Talocrural joint: Foot dorsiflexion; Subtalar joint: Foot eversion |
| Innervation of Extensor Digitorum Longus | Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1) |
| Origin of Extensor Hallucis Longus | Middle third of medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane |
| Insertion of Extensor Hallucis Longus | Base of distal phalanx of great toe |
| Action of Extensor Hallucis Longus | Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joint 1: toe extension; talocrural joint: foot dorsiflexion |
| Innervation of Extensor Hallucis Longus | Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1) |
| Extensor Muscles of Ankle and Toes | Extensor Hallucis Longus-Extensor Digitorum Longus-Tibialis Anterior |
| Flexors of Ankle and Toes | Tibialis Posterior-Flexor Digitorum Longus-Flexor Hallucis Longus |
| Origin of Tibialis Posterior | Posterior surface of tibia, posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane |
| Insertion of Tibialis Posterior | Tuberosity of navicular bone, all cuneiform bones, cuboid bone, bases of metatarsal bones 2-4 |
| Action of Tibialis Posterior | Talocrural joint: Foot plantarflexion Subtalar joint: Foot inversion Supports medial longitudinal arch of foot |
| Innervation of Tibialis Posterior | Tibial nerve (L4, L5) |
| Origin of Flexor Digitorum Longus | Posterior surface of tibia (inferior to soleal line) |
| Insertion of Flexor Digitorum Longus | Bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5 |
| Action of Flexor Digitorum Longus | Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints 2-5: toe flexion Talocrural joint: foot plantar flexion Subtalar joint: foot inversion |
| Innervation of Flexor Digitorum Longus | Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2) |
| Origin of Flexor Hallucis Longus | (Distal 2/3 of) Posterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane, posterior intermuscular septum of leg, fascia of tibialis posterior muscle |
| Insertion of Flexor Hallucis Longus | Base of distal phalanx of great toe |
| Action of Flexor Hallucis Longus | Tibial nerve (S2, S3) |
| Innervation of Flexor Hallucis Longus | Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joint 1: Toe flexion; Talocrural joint: Foot plantar flexion; Subtalar joint: Foot inversion |
| Muscles of the Foot | Extensor Digitorum Brevis- Flexore digitorum Brevis-Abductor Hallucis-Abductor Digiti Minimi-Extensor Hallucis Brevis-Flexor Hallucis Brevis |
| Other Muscle of foot | Adductor Hallucis-Flexor Digit Minimi Brevis-Quadratur Plantar-Plantar Interossei-Dorsal Interossei-Lumbericals foot |
| Origin of Extensor Digitorum Brevis | Superolateral surface of calcaneus bone, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament; stem of inferior extensor retinaculum |
| Action of Extensor Digitorum Brevis | Distal interphalangeal joints 2-4: Toe extension |
| Insertion of Extensor Digitorum Brevis | Extensor digitorum longus tendons of toes 2–4 |
| Innervation of Extensor Digitorum Brevis | Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L5, S1) |
| Origin of Flexore digitorum Brevis | Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity, plantar aponeurosis and intermuscular septum |
| Action of Flexore digitorum Brevis | Metatarsophalangeal joints 2-5: Toe flexion; supports longitudinal arch of foot |
| Insertion of Flexore digitorum Brevis | Middle phalanges of digits 2-5 |
| Innervation of Flexore digitorum Brevis | Medial plantar nerve (S1-S3) |
| Origin of Abductor Hallucis | Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis |
| Action of Abductor Hallucis | Metatarsophalangeal joint 1: Toe abduction, toe flexion; Support of longitudinal arch of foot |
| Insertion of Abductor Hallucis | Base of proximal phalanx of great toe |
| Innervation of Abductor Hallucis | Medial plantar nerve (S1-S3) |
| Origin of Abductor Digiti Minimi | Calcaneal tuberosity, plantar aponeurosis |
| Action of Abductor Digiti Minimi | Metatarsophalangeal joint 5: Toe abduction, toe flexion; Supports longitudinal arch of foot |
| Insertion of Abductor Digiti Minimi | Base of proximal phalanx of digit 5, metatarsal bone 5 |
| Innervation of Abductor Digiti Minimi | Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S3) |
| Origin of Extensor Hallucis Brevis | Superolateral surface of calcaneus bone |
| Action of Extensor Hallucis Brevis | Metatarsophalangeal joint 1: Toe extension |
| Insertion of Extensor Hallucis Brevis | Proximal phalanx of great toe |
| Innervation of Extensor Hallucis Brevis | Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (S1, S2) |
| Origin of Flexor Hallucis Brevis | Tendon of tibialis posterior, medial cuneiform bone, lateral cuneiform bone, cuboid bone |
| Action of Flexor Hallucis Brevis | Metatarsophalangeal joint 1: Toe flexion; Support of longitudinal arch of foot |
| Insertion of Flexor Hallucis Brevis | Lateral and medial aspects of base of proximal phalanx of great toe |
| Innervation of Flexor Hallucis Brevis | Medial plantar nerve (S1, S2) |
| Origin of Adductor Hallucis | Oblique head: bases of metatarsal bones 2-4, cuboid bone, lateral cuneiform bone, tendon of fibularis longus Transverse head: plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments of toes 3-5, deep transverse metatarsal ligaments of toes 3-5 |
| Action of Adductor Hallucis | Metatarsophalangeal joint 1: Toe adduction, toe flexion; Support of longitudinal and transverse arches of foot |
| Insertion of Adductor Hallucis | Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe |
| Innervation of Adductor Hallucis | Lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3) |
| Origin of Flexor Digit Minimi Brevis | Base of metatarsal bone 5, long plantar ligament |
| Action of Flexor Digit Minimi Brevis | Metatarsophalangeal joint 5: Toe flexion |
| Insertion of Flexor Digit Minimi Brevis | Base of proximal phalanx of digit 5 |
| Innervation of Flexor Digit Minimi Brevis | Lateral plantar nerve (S2 – S3) |
| Origin of Quadratur Plantar | Medial surface of calcaneus bone, lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity |
| Action of Quadratur Plantar | Metatarsophalangeal joints 2-5: Toe flexion |
| Insertion of Quadratur Plantar | Tendon of flexor digitorum longus |
| Innervation of Quadratur Plantar | Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S3) |
| Origin of Plantar Interossei | Medial aspects of metatarsal bones 3-5 |
| Action of Plantar Interossei | Metatarsophalangeal joints 3-5: Toe flexion, toes adduction; Interphalangeal joints 3-5: Toes extension |
| Insertion of Plantar Interossei | Medial bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansion of digits 3-5 |
| Innervation of Plantar Interossei | Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3) |
| Origin of Dorsal Interossei | Opposing sides of metatarsal bones 1-5 |
| Action of Dorsal Interossei | Metatarsophalangeal joints 2-4: toe flexion, toe abduction; Interphalangeal joints 2-4: toe extension |
| Insertion of Dorsal Interossei | 1: Medial base of proximal phalanx of digit 2-4: Lateral bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansion of digits 2-4 |
| Innervation of Dorsal Interossei | Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3) |
| Origin of Lumbericals foot | Tendons of flexor digitorum longus |
| Action of Lumbericals foot | Metatarsophalangeal joints 2-5: Toe flexion, Toes adduction; Interphalangeal joints 2-5: Toes extension |
| Insertion of Lumbericals foot | Medial bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansion of digits 2-5 |
| Innervation of Lumbericals foot | Lumbrical 1: Medial plantar nerve (S2,S3); Lumbricals 2-4: Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3) |
Created by:
JML19
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