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Chemistry Ch. 3

QuestionAnswer
What happens when a measurement is multiplied by a conversion factor? The numerical value is generally changed, but the actual size of the quantity measured remains the same.
What is a conversion factor? A ratio of equivalent measurements.
1 m= ? cm 100.
1 g= ? dg 10.
1 kg= ?g 1,000.
1 m =? nm 10^9.
1 L= ? uL 10^6.
SI units have a base of... 10.
What is the basic metrics? Kilo, Hecto, Deca (da), Unit, Deci (d), Centi, Milli (u).
Base unit of length? Meter (m).
Base unit of mass? Kilogram (kg).
Base unit of time? Seconds (s).
Base unit of temperature? Kelvin (K).
Base unit of amount of substance? Mole (mol).
Base unit of luminous intensity? Candela (cd).
Base unit of electric current? Ampere (A).
What is the formula for volume? Length x Width x Height.
1 L= ? cm^3 or ? mL -1,000 cm^3. -1,000 mL.
1 mL= ? cm^3 1.
What is weight? The pull of gravity on the mass.
What is the SI unit of energy? Non SI unit? Joule (J). -Calorie (cal).
What is energy? Quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of pure H20 1 degree Celcius.
1 cal= ? J 4.84
1 J= ? cal 0.2396
Kelvin= Celsius + ? 274.14
Units for density? g/cm^3 and g/mL.
1 mol= ? g 55.85
What kinds of problems can you solve using dimensional analysis? Solving conversion problems in which a measurement with one unit is changed to an equivalent measurement with another unit.
1 cm^3= ? g 10.5
1 m= ? um 10^6
1 cm= ? km 100,000
What are some examples of measurements? Years, inches, temperature.
How do you write numbers in scientific notation? The coefficient is always a number greater than or equal to one and less than ten. The exponent is an integer.
A positive exponent indicates... How many times the coefficient must be multiplied by 10.
A negative exponent indicates... How many times the coefficient must be divided by 10.
To multiply numbers written in scientific notation, what do you need to do? Multiply the coefficients and add the exponents.
To divide numbers written in scientific notation, what do you need to do? Divide the coefficients and subtract the exponent in the denominator from the exponent in the numerator.
If you want to add or subtract numbers expressed in scientific notation and you're not using a calculator, then the exponents must be... The same.
How would you add (5.4 x 10^3) + (8.0 x 10^2)? 1.) Common Exponents: (5.4 x 10^3) + (.80 x 10^3) 2.) (5.4 + 0.80) x 10^3 3.) = 6.2 x 10^3
How do you evaluate accuracy and precision? To evaluate the accuracy of a measurement, the measured value must be compared to the correct value. To evaluate the precision of a measurement, you must compare the values of two or more repeated measurements.
How do you find error? Experiment value - Accepted value
How do you find percent error? I Error I / Accepted Value x 100%
Why must measurements be reported to the correct number of significant figures? Because calculated answers often depend on the number of significant figures in the values used in the calculation. The calculated value must be rounded to make it consistent with the measurements from which it was calculated.
How would you round the following equation? Why? 12.52 + 349.0 = 369.76. Rounded Answer: 369.8 Because the answer to an addition or subtraction calculation should be rounded to the same number of decimal places (NOT DIGITS) as the measurement with the least number of decimal places.
How would you round the following equation? Why? 2.4526 / 8.4 = 0.291976 Rounded Answer: 0.29 Because in calculations involving multiplication and division, you need to round the answer to the same number of sig. figs. as the measurement with the least number of sig. figs.
The position of the decimal point has nothing to do with the round process when _______ and ________ measurements. Multiplying; Dividing.
What makes the metric units easy to use? All metric units are based on multiples of 10. As a result, you can convert between units easily.
What is volume? Space occupied by any sample of matter.
What devices help measure liquid volume? Graduated cylinders, pipets, burets, volumetric flasks, and syringes.
What can you use to measure the mass of an object? A platform balance.
How do weight and mass differ? Weight can change with its location. For example, weight of an astronaut on Earth vs the moon.
What is temperature? A measure of how hot or cold an object is.
When two objects at different temperatures are in contact, heat moves from the object at the ______ temperature to the object at the _______ temperature. Higher; Lower.
What astronomer was used to name the Celsius scale? Anders Celsius.
What determines the density of a substance? Density is an intensive property that depends only on the composition of a substance, not on the size of the sample.
What is the equation for density? Mass / Volume
What element in group 1A has less density than water (1 g/cm^3)? Li, Na, K.
Mixtures with less density than another mixture will... Float/rise to the top.
What happens to the density of a substance as its temperature increases? Density is the ratio of an object's mass to its volume. If the volume changes with temperature (mass stays the same)m then density must also change with temperature. Density generally decreases as temperature increases.***
What happens when a measurement is multiplied by a conversion factor? The numerical value is generally changed, but the actual size of the quantity measured the same.
When are conversion factors useful? Solving problems in which a given measurement must be expressed in some other unit of measure.
Created by: OliviaRoark
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