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Honors Chemistry U1
Unit 1 : Atomic History, Wavelength/Frequency, Electron Config., Atomic Mass
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Who was the first person to come up with the idea that all matter is made up of invisible particles called atoms? | Democritus |
| Who destroyed the idea that we were all made of atoms? | Aristotle |
| Who was doing science, had great technology, in the middle ages? | Arabs |
| Who was keeping scientific ideas and experiments from being done during the middle ages? | Church |
| Who was the first person to prepare laughing gas and invent soda pop? | Joseph Priestly |
| Who actually discovered oxygen, but didn't realize it at first? | Joseph Priestly |
| Who proved the theory of of phlogiston wrong? | Antoine Lavoisier |
| Who prove that substance actually burned oxygen and did not give off phlogiston, by weighing materials before and after they burned. | Antoine Lavoisier |
| What law did Lavoisier prove, that states matter can't be created or destroyed? | Law of Conservation of Mass |
| Who came up with the Law of Definite Composition? | John Dalton |
| Who stated that elements come together in multiple ratios? | Joseph Proust |
| What schoolteacher came up with the Atomic Theory of Matter? | John Dalton |
| The Atomic Theory of Matter states that atoms of different elements are going to look... | Different |
| What was the first part of the atom to be discovered? | Electron |
| What is the only part of the atom that can be easily removed or added from an atom? | Electron |
| Who first discovered that matter could be charged positive or negative? | Ben Franklin |
| What is the name of the device that William Crookes designed in 1879? | Cathode Tube |
| When J.J. Thompson did his experiment, he saw that the beam in the tube bent towards which charged plate? | Positive |
| Who figures out the exact charge and mass of an electron? | Robert Millikan |
| What was the name of the experiment that was done to figure out the exact charge and mass of an electron? | Oil-drop |
| Who discovered positive particles (protons) in atoms? | Eugen Goldstein |
| Who took new information and put it together by making a new model of the atom? | J.J. Thompson |
| What was the new model of the atom called, where protons and electrons were evenly scattered about? | Plum pudding |
| Who is the first person to coin the term "radioactivity" or "radiation", when he noticed that a chunk of Uranium was causing photographic paper to be developed? | Henri Becquerel |
| Who discovered the three basic types of radiation? | William Roentgen |
| What charge of radiation has a +2 charge, a mass of 4. and is attracted to a negative plate? | Positive |
| What charge of radiation is made up of electrons and is attracted to a positive plate? | Negative |
| What radiation is made of pure energy and has on charge? | Gamma |
| Which particle in the nucleus of the atom that uses strong nuclear force to keep the repulsive force of the protons from ejecting the protons out of the nucleus? | Neutron |
| If an atom has more than ----- protons, the strong nuclear force is not strong enough to keep the protons in the nucleus, and the atom gives off radiation in order to attempt to redcue the size of the nucleus. | 82 |
| Who shot positive particles at gold atoms and watched some of them bounce back? | Rutherford |
| What was discovered in the atom that the positive particles were bouncing off of? | Nucleus |
| WHat was the new model of the atom called, where all of the protons were in the center, and the electrons were on the outside? | Rutherford's "Nuclear" |
| Most of the atom is actually just...? | Empty space |
| Who figured out that atoms can give off colored light, when they are hit with electricity? | Neils Bohr |
| Bohr theorized that the electron was able to move to more than one --- ----- in the atom. | Energy levels |
| What was the name of the new model that Bohr came up with, that said electrons travel in different energy levels around the nucleus? | Planetary |
| The --- ----- is where an electron is located with the lowest energy possible. | Ground state |
| The --- ----- is an unstable location, and the electron falls from this sate and releases energy as it falls back to the ground state. | Excited state |
| What level must an electron drop to to release infared light, in hydrogen? | 3 |
| What level must an electron drop to to release UV light, in hydrogen? | 1 |
| What level must an electron drop to to release visible light, in hydrogen? | 2 |
| Two types of light spectra : | Continuous and Line |
| How many electrons can the first energy level hold? | 2 |
| How many electrons can the second energy level hold? | 8 |
| How many electrons can the third energy level hold? | 18 |
| How many electrons can the fourth energy level hold? | 32 |
| What three things can we measure about light? | Frequency, wavelength, and speed |
| A hertz (Hz) (the unit of frequency) is also equal to...? | Waves/second |
| What is the range of visible light (nm)? | 400 nm. - 800 nm. |
| What type of rays have small wavelengths, high frequency, and high energy? | Gamma rays |
| What type of rays have large wavelengths, low frequency, and low energy? | Radio rays |
| Who stated substances do not absorb energy gradually, but instead absorb energy in definite amounts, or quanta? | Max Planck |
| What experiment proved Planck's theory? | Photoelectric effect |
| Who boldly proposed that light was made of small particles of matter called photons? | Albert Einstein |
| Who proposed that matter moves in waves? | Louis DeBroglie |
| Who said it was impossible to know the exact location of an electron because observing it with light could cause it to move to an unknown location? | Werner Heisenburg |
| What is the model of the atom where we can't be sure where electrons are located, so we put them into a cloud model that predicts where they are 90% of the time? | Mechanical model or Electron cloud model |
| Who predicted where the electron would be moving within each energy level? | Erwin Schronider |
| What did Schrodinger call these specific areas that electrons move in within a particular energy level? | Sublevels |
| What did Schrodinger call the specific shapes that electrons would have as they move in a sublevel? | Orbitals |
| How many electrons can a "s" sublevel hold total? | 2 |
| How many electrons can a "p" sublevel hold total? | 6 |
| How many electrons can a "d" sublevel hold total? | 10 |
| How many electrons can a "f" sublevel hold total? | 14 |
| What rule says that an orbital can't hold more than 2 electrons total because they like to repel each other? | Pauli Exclusion Principle |
| What do we call the shorthand that allows us to write where electrons are quickly and easily? | Electron Configuartions |
| What rule tells us that electrons like to fill the lowest energy levels first, so they can be close to the nucleus? | Aufbau Principal |
| Whose rule says that electrons will go to empty orbitals first, so they don't have to repel each other? | Hund's rule |
| Elements with unpaired electrons are magnetic, which is referred to sing the term...? | Paramagnetic |
| Elements with no unpaired electrons are not magnetic, which is referred to using the term...? | Diamagnetic |
| The electron is located around the nucleus and has a charge of...? | -1 |
| The neutron, which is also located in the nucleus, has a charge of...? | 0 |
| Pure elemental substances have not reacted, and therefore have...? | No charge |
| What are Isotopes? | Atoms of the same element that weigh different amounts |
| The charge of an ion can be calculated by taking the number of protons and subtracting the number of...? | Electrons |
| You got this! | SuRe |
Created by:
Lilly_Floyd
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