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Chemistry

Chapters 1-2

TermDefinition
Chemistry the study of the composition, properties and behavior of matter (study of matter)
Matter any object with both mass and volume
Mass amount of matter in an object
Volume amount of space an object takes up
Organic Chemistry substances containing Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Inorganic Chemistry Substances not containing Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Analytic Chemistry composition of substances
Physical Chemistry behavior of substances
Substance matter that has a uniform makeup
Physical properties property of matter that can be measured without changing its composition
States of matter Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma
Solid definite shape and volume
Liquid indefinite shape, definite volume
gas indefinite shape and volume
Physical change change that does not alter the chemical composition of matter
heterogenous mixture non-uniform in composition (ex: veggie soup)
homogenous mixture uniform in composition (ex: salt water)
Distillation separate a homogenous mixture using varying boiling points
Element simplest component of matter
Compound substance made of more than one element
Chemical properties the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction; can only be observed when a substance undergoes a chemical change.
Chemical change energy almost always given off or absorbed; products have different properties that reactants
Atom smallest particle of an element, retaining the properties of that element
protons positive charge; in nucleus; defines atom
neutrons no charge; in nucleus
electrons negative charge; around nucleus; used in forming bonds
Valence electrons atom's outermost electrons
Ions an atom that has gained or lost an electron (has + or - charge)
Isotopes atoms with varying numbers of neutrons
Ionic bond formed from a rxn between a + and - ion. - ion gives + ion electron
Covalent bond two atoms share electrons to form molecules; can have multiple bonds between atoms.
Polar molecules atom doesn't share bonds equally, one end is + and one end is -.
Hydrogen bonds weak interactions between hydrogen atoms
malleability capable of being shaped
Extensive property a property that depends on the amount of matter (ex: mass)
Intensive property a property that depends on the type of matter (ex: color)
vapor gaseous state of a substance that is solid or liquid at room temp
Created by: Honey Bunches
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