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chemistry review1
first chemistry quiz (quiz on notes/problems)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| chemistry | the study of the composition and structure of matter, the properties of matter, and the energy involved in changing matter |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) |
| homogeneous | matter which has a uniform composition throughout |
| heterogeneous | matter which has a non-uniform composition throughout (lavers) |
| composition | what type of atoms/molecules make up a sample of matter (example: Na/sodium) |
| structure | how the atoms are arranged in a sample of matter |
| properties | a set of characteristics exhibited by matter; all matter has its own set |
| physical | descriptive (involve no change in structure or identity) |
| chemical | behavioral (must involve a change in structure and identity |
| physical changes | changes the appearance of the sample of matter but not its identity (composition) (examples could be changes in size, shape, or phase) |
| chemical changes | involves the rearrangement of the particles of matter to produce a new substance of new chemical composition; (signs of this include color/odor change, production of gas.solid product, energy- heat/light) |
| pure substance | a specific type of matter with its own composition, structure, and properties; includes both elements and compounds |
| elements | simplest building blocks of matter; composed of only one type of atom; cannot be decomposed (broken down) by ordinary chemical change |
| compounds | two or more different elements chemically combined in a constant (fixed) ratio by mass; usually composed of molecules or ions; can be decomposed chemically |
| mixtures | two or more substances physically combined; composed of more than one type of particle (substance); ratios by mass may vary |
| law of conservation of matter | atoms can not be created nor destroyed during chemical or physical changes, the atoms are just rearranged (the total number and type of atoms in the universe is constant |
| the atom | the smallest particle of matter to have chemical properties; composed of subatomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| proton charge | +1 |
| electron charge | -1 |
| neutron charge | 0 |
| proton/neutron mass | 1 a.m.u |
| electron mass | negligability 0 (basically 0) or 1/1800th |
| proton and neutron location | in the nucleus |
| electron location | outside the nucleus |
| proton symbol | p+ |
| electron symbol | e- |
| neutron symbol | n |
| atomic number | each atom has its own atomic number which can be used to identify the element; gives the number of protons in an atom; written in the lower left hand corner of the symbol |
| why does the number of protons equal the number of electrons | all atoms are electrically neutral, therefore the number of protons equal the number of neutrons |
| mass number | the number of protons and neutrons in an atom may vary for atoms of an element; written in the upper left hand corner of the symbol |
| isotopes | atoms of the same element with different mass numbers due to differing numbers of neutrons |
| atomic mass (average atomic mass) | the periodic table reports the atomic mass as the weighted average of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element (based on number & abundance %) |
| DON'T FORGET TO READ ABOUT THE CHEM PHILOSOPHERS AND STARRED NOTES!!!!!! | DON'T FORGET TO READ ABOUT THE CHEM PHILOSOPHERS AND STARRED NOTES!!!!!! |
Created by:
25delaneyk
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