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BIO 201 Histology

Tissues

QuestionAnswer
Matrix Extracellular material, composed of fibrous proteins and ground substance (water, nutrients, waste, etc.)
Ectoderm One of the three germ layers, outermost layer that gives rise to epidermis and nervous system
Endoderm One of the three germ layers, innermost layer that gives rise to the mucus membranes lining parts of the body
Mesoderm One of the three germ layers, middle layer that becomes mesenchyme that gives rise to muscle, bone, and bone
Mesenchyme Composed of collagen fibers and branching mesenchymal cells embedded in gelatinous ground substance
Cross section A cut is made across a perfectly horizontal plane
Longitudinal section A cut is made across a vertical plane
Smear Tissue is rubbed or spread on a slide; used for blood
Spread Cobwebby tissue is laid out on a slide; used for areolar tissue
Oblique section A cut is made across a plane that is not perfectly horizontal; diagonal cut
Epithelial Tissue One of the four tissue types, consists of a flat sheet of closely adhering cells that lines surfaces and body cavities. It forms the external and internal linings of many organs and does not allow blood vessels to pass
Basement membrane Layer between an epithelium and the underlying connective tissue, contains collagen, laminin and fibronectin adhesive glycoproteins, and heparin sulfate (carb-protein complex)
Basal Surface Surface of epithelial cell that faces basement membrane
Apical surface Surface of epithelial cell that faces away from basement membrane
Simple epithelium Contains only one layer of cells that all touch the basement membrane
Stratified epithelium Contains more than one layer of cells, with some resting on top of others rather than resting on the basal membrane
Simple Squamous Epithelium Single layer of thin, scaly cells that permits rapid diffusion of substances and secretes serous fluid. Found in alveoli of lungs, glomerular capsules of kidney, serosa, and inner lining of heart and blood vessels
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Single layer of cube-like cells that secrete mucus, moves, and absorbs and secretes. Found in liver, thyroid, mammary and salivary glands, bronchioles, and kidney tubules.
Simple Columnar Epithelium Single layer of tall, narrow cells with oval nuclei. May be ciliated. Absorbs and secretes, and secretes mucus. Lines GI tract, uterus, some kidney tubules, and uterine tubes.
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Single layer of tall, narrow cells that looks stratified, due to all of them having different heights. They all touch the basement membrane. Secretes and propels mucus, and is found in the respiratory tract and portions of the male urethra
Goblet Cells Wineglass shaped mucin-secreting cells in simple and pseudostratified columnar tissue.
Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium Multi-layered tissue featuring flat, scaly cells. Contains keratin, which allows the tissue to resist abrasion, prevent water loss, and resist penetration by pathogenic organisms. Found in skin.
Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium Multi-layered tissue featuring flat, scaly cells. Does not contain keratin. Resists abrasion and penetration of pathogens. Found on tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus, and vagina.
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Multi-layered tissue featuring cube-like cells. Can secrete sweat, aids in sperm production, and ovarian hormone production. Found in sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicles, and seminiferous tubules
Stratified Columnar Epithelium Multi-layered tissue featuring tall, narrow cells. Not common in the human body.
Transitional Epithelium Multi-layered tissue featuring cells that can change their shape from round to flat when stretched. Found in ureter, bladder, and umbilical cord.
Created by: Rylyn27463
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