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Chap. 1 Geo Reading

Chapter 1 orange book - Geography reading

QuestionAnswer
Abiotic composed of nonliving or inorganic matter
biotic Composed of living organisms
concentration the spread of something over a given area
connection relationships among people & objects across the barrier of space
conservation the sustainable management of a natural resource
contagious diffusion the rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population
cultural ecology a geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships
cultural landscape the fashioning of a natural landscape cultural group
culture the body of customary beliefs, social norms, & material traits that together constitute a group's distinct tradition
density the frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area
diffusion the process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time
distance decay the diminishing in importance & eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.
distribution the arrangement of something across Earth's surface
environmental determinism the idea that the physical environment causes human activities
expansion diffusion the spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process
formal region an area in which everyone shares in common on or more distinctive characteristics
functional region an area organized around a node or focal point
geographic information science (GIScience) the development & analysis of data about earth acquired through satellite & other electronic information technologies
geographic information system (GIS) a computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, & displays geographic data
global positioning system (GPS) a system that determines the precise position of something on earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.
globalization actions or processes that involve the entire world & result in making something worldwide in scope.
Greenwich mean time (GMT) the time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees
hearth the region from which innovative ideas originate
hierarchical diffusion the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places
housing bubble a rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value
international date line an arc that for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas; when crossed heading east, the clock moves back 24 hours, when crossed heading west, it goes ahead 1 day
latitude the numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe & measuring distance north & south of the equator
lithosphere earth's crust & a portion of upper mantle directly below the crust
location the position of anything on earth's surface
longitude the numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe & measuring distance east to west of the prime meridian
map scale the relationship between the size of an object on a map & the size of the actual feature on earth's surface
meridian an arc drawn on a map between the north & south poles
network a chain of communication that connects places
nonrenewable resource something produced in nature more slowly than it's consumed by humans
parallel a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator & at right angles to the meridians
pattern the geometric arrangement of something in a study area
place a specific point on earth distinguished by a particular characteristic
polder land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area
possibilism the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adapt to the environment & choose a course of action from many alternatives
preservation the maintenance of resources in their present condition, with as little human impact as possible
prime meridian the meridian, designated as 0 degrees longitude, that passes through the Royal observatory at Greenwich, England
projection a system used to transfer locations from earth's surface to a flat map
region an area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features
regional studies (cultural landscape) an approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social & physical phenomena in a particular study area
relocation diffusion the spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another
remote sensing the acquisition of data about earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long-distance methods
renewable resource something produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans
resource a substance in the environment that's useful to people, economically & technologically feasible to access, & is socially acceptable to use
scale the relationship between the portion of earth being studied & earth as a whole
site the physical character of a place
situation the location of a place relative to another place
space the physical gap or interval between 2 objects
space-time compression the reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved technology (communication & transportation)
stimulus diffusion the spread of an underlying principle even though a specific character is rejected
sustainability the use of earth's renewable & nonrenewable resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future
toponym the name given to a portion of earth's surface
transnational corporation a company that conducts research, operates factories, & sells products in many countries, not just where the headquarters/shareholders are located
uneven development the increasing gap in economic conditions between core & peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy
vernacular region (perceptual region) an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity
Created by: jeanay26
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