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Chemistry Unit 1.1

Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Vocab

TermDefinition
Radioactive Decay Process by which an unstable, radioisotope emits either particles or energy to become a more stable isotope
Nucleus Location of the protons and neutrons in the atom; very small and very dense
Mass Number Mass found by adding together all the protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Fusion Occurs in the sun; joining of small nuclei; most energy released per gram
Gamma Emission High energy radiation with no mass and no charge that is sometimes released with alpha or beta decay
Atom Smallest particle of an element that retains properties of that element
Electron Cloud Location of the electrons in the atom; accounts for the volume of an atom
Alpha Decay Emits a helium nucleus from an unstable isotope; results in a mass number decrease by 4 and atomic number decrease by 2
Average Atomic Mass Weighted average mass off all isotopes of an element; can be found on the periodic table
Electron A negatively charged subatomic particle with negligible mass
Half-Life Amount of time it takes 50% of a radioactive sample to decay
Beta Decay Process during which a neutron breaks down in the nucleus and emits an electron, but proton remains in the nucleus, increasing the atomic # by one
Isotope Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons, but varying number of neutrons in the nucleus, resulting in different mass numbers
Electron Capture Electron falls into the nucleus, causing a proton to change into a neutron, causing the atomic number to decrease by one
Proton A positively charged subatomic particle with a mass of 1 amu
Fission Process used in nuclear reactors; splitting of an atomic nucleus
Neutron A subatomic particle with no charge and a mass of 1 amu
Positron Emission Proton in the nucleus changes into a neutron, causing the atomic number to decrease by one; also known as beta plus decay
Atomic Number Represents the number of protons in the nucleus; can be found on the periodic table
Created by: Sabrina_thecool
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