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Functional Groups
Term | Definition |
---|---|
3 types of functional groups | Hydrocarbons (only carbon and hydrogen) Compounds containing oxygen Compounds containing nitrogen |
Types of hydrocarbons | Alkanes, Cycloalkanes, Alkenes, Cycloalkenes, Alkynes, Aromatic |
Alkanes | Single bonds b/w all carbons (all are sp3) |
Cycloalkanes | sp3 carbons form a ring |
Alkenes | Double bonds are present (sp2 carbons) |
Cycloalkenes | Double bonded in a ring |
Alkynes | Triple bonds are present (sp3) |
Aromatic Hydrocarbons | Contain a benzene ring |
Compounds containing oxygen | Alcohols, ethers, Aldehydes and ketone, Carboxylic acids |
Alcohols | Contain the hydroxyl group (-OH) as the main functional group |
Ethers | Contain two alkyl groups bonded to an oxygen (oxygen is in the middle) |
Aldehydes and ketone | Contain C=O |
ketone | two "R" groups bonded to the C=O |
Aldehydes | C=O bonded to a H and an "R" |
Carboxylic Acids | -COOH |
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives | acid chlorides, esters, amides |
Acid chlorides | R-COCl |
esters | R-COOOR' |
amide | R-CONH2 |
Compounds Containing Nitrogen | Amines, Amides, Nitriles |
Amines | Alkylates derivative of ammonia R-N: |
Amides | O=C-N |
Nitriles | C=-N: |