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Chemistry Ch.2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define mass. | A measure of the amount of matter the object contains. |
| Define volume. | A measure of the space occupied by the object. |
| What is an extensive property? | A property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample. Ex. mass and volume. |
| What is an intensive property? | A property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter. Ex. Absorbancy. |
| What is a substance? | Matter that has a uniform and definite composition. Ex. Aluminum. |
| Define malleable. | It can be hammered into sheets without breaking. |
| Define a physical property. | A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition. |
| Define a solid. | A form of matter that has a definite shape and volume. It doesn't depend on the shape of its container. The particles are tightly together, often in an orderly arrangement. |
| Define a liquid. | A form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume. Not rigid or orderly. Free to flow from one location to another, and takes the shape of the container in which it is placed. |
| Define a gas. | A form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container. Usually particles are spaced much farther apart than in a liquid. Gases are easily compressed into a smaller volume. |
| Define a vapor. | Describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature. |
| Define a physical change. | Some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change. Ex. freeze, boil, break, cut, crush. |
| What can physical changes be classified as? Give an example of each. | Irreversible: Melting, freezing, boiling. Reversible: Ripping, splitting, grinding. |
| Define a mixture. | A physical blend of two or more components. |
| How can mixtures be classified? What are they? | Heterogeneous: A mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout. Homogeneous: A mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout. A.K.A. a solution. |
| Define a phase. | Used to describe the part of a sample with uniform composition and properties. |
| How many phases do heterogeneous and homogeneous each have? | Homo- One. Hetero- Two or more. |
| Differences in _______ ________ can be used to separate mixtures. | Physical Properties |
| What is filtration? | The process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture. |
| What is distillation? | A liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that can be used to perform a small-scale distillation. |
| What is an element? | The simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties. Ex. Oxygen and Hydrogen. |
| What is a compound? | A substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined by in a fixed proportion. Ex. Sucrose- contains oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. |
| Physical methods that are used to separate mixtures _______ _______ ________ to break a compound into simpler substances. What must be used? | Cannot Be Used. Chemical changes. |
| What is a chemical change? | A change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter. |
| What changes water to hydrogen and oxygen? | Electricity. |
| In general, the properties of compounds are quite _________ from those of their component elements. | Different |
| If the composition of a material is fixed, the material is a... | Substance. |
| If the composition of a material may vary, the material is a.... | Mixture. |
| What do chemists use to represent elements and compounds? | Element: Chemical Symbol Compound: Formula |
| The first letter of a chemical symbol is always ________. When a second letter is used, it is _______. | Capitalized; Lowercase |
| What is the periodic table? | An arrangement of elements in which the elements are separated into groups based on a set of repeating properties. |
| Why is a periodic table useful? | It allows you to easily compare the properties of one element to another element. |
| What is a period on the periodic table? How many are there? | Each horizontal row of the periodic table. -7. |
| What is a group on the periodic table? | Each vertical column on the periodic table. Each are identified by a number and the letter A or B. |
| What is a chemical property? | The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change. Ex. Burn, rot, rust, explode. |
| What always happens during a chemical change? | The composition of matter always changes. |
| What is a chemical reaction? | Another name for chemical change. When one or more substances change into one or more new substances. |
| What is a reactant and product? | Reactant: A substance present at the start of the reaction. Product: A substance produced in the reaction. |
| What are the four possible clues that a chemical change has taken place? | Transfer of energy/heat, change in color, production of gas, or formation of precipitate. |
| Every chemical change involves a... | Transfer of energy. |
| What is precipitate? | A solid that forms and settles out of liquid mixture. |
| How are the mass of the reactants and the mass of the products of a chemical reaction related? | The mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants. |
| What is the law of conservation of mass? | It states that in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved. Mass is neither created nor destroyed. |
Created by:
OliviaRoark
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