Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
EXAM #1 - FAMILY
Contraceptives, STIs, and Female Reproductive
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Amenorrhea | Absence of menses |
| Dysmenorrhea | Painful menstrual bleedings in the absence of any detectable underlying pathology |
| Meno | Menstrual Related |
| Metro | Time |
| Oligo | Few |
| A | Without/None/Lack of |
| Rhagia | Excess or abnormal |
| Dys | Not or pain |
| Rhea | Flow |
| Infertility | Inability to conceive a child after 1 year of regular sexual intercourse, unprotected by contraception |
| Secondary Infertility | Inability to conceive after a previous pregnancy |
| Main Causes of Female Infertility | Anovulation, Tubal Damage, Endometriosis, Ovarian Failure |
| Main Causes of Male Infertility | Low or Absent number of motile sperm in ejaculate, Unexplained, or Erectile Dysfunction |
| The Majority of Infertility Cases are Treated with… | Drugs or Surgery |
| Treatment Options For Infertility | Lifestyle changes, weight loss, smoking cessation, clomiphene and hormone injections to promote ovulation, intrauterine insemination, and IVF |
| Minimal Screening Needed to Determine Infertility | Presence of Ovulation & Tubal Patency, and a Semen Analysis |
| Clomiphene Citrate Challenge Test | Assesses a woman's ovarian reserve (the ability of her eggs to become fertilized). FSH levels are drawn on day 3 and day 10 of menstrual cycle. The woman takes 100 mg clomiphene citrate on cycle 5 through 9. If FSH is higher than 15, this is abnormal, and the likelihood of conception with her eggs is low |
| Hysterosalpingography | A gold standard in assessing patency (open and unobstructed) of the fallopian tubes. It uses ultrasonography and MRI. 3-10 mL of an opaque oil-based contrast medium is slowly injected into the endocervical canal so that the uterus and tubes can be visualized during a fluoroscopy and radiography. If they are patent the dye will ascend upward to distend the uterus and tubes, and it will spill into the peritoneal cavity. |
| Types of Contraceptives | Behavioral, Barrier, Hormonal, and Permanent |
| Behavioral Contraceptive Methods | Abstinence, Fertility Awareness, Withdrawal (Coitus Interruptus), and Lactational Amenorrhea (LAM) |
| Barrier Contraceptive Methods | Male & Female Condoms, Diaphragm, Cervical Cap, Cervical Sponge |
| Hormonal Contraceptive Methods | Oral, Injectable, Transdermal, Vaginal Rings, Implants, Intrauterine, and Emergency |
| Permanent Contraceptive Methods | Tubal Ligation or Essure for Women, and Vasectomy for Men |
| Sexual Abstinence | Not having intercourse |
| Fertility Awareness | A women identifies the fertile days in her cycle, and avoid sexual intercourse during that time. She uses physical symptoms that change with hormone fluctuations throughout her cycle. Ovulation occurs on ONE day during each cycle, and then several days preceding are the most fertile days, known as the "fertile window" |
| Withdrawal (Coitus Interruptus) | Man controls his ejaculation during intercourse and "pulls out" before ejaculations. This is the lease effective method, as if the first few drops are lost in the vagina, they are the most fertile and can cause pregnancy |
| Condoms | For males it is a sleeve that is put over the penis. It is made from latex, and may be coated with spermicide. For females it is internal, which a pouch that is inserted into the vagina, catches the male ejaculate. It is held in place by the pubic bone |
| Lactation Amenorrhea | Effective temporary method of contraception used by breastfeeding mothers. Relies on physiologic changes associated with breastfeeding for contraception. Continuous breastfeeding can usually postpone ovulation, for up to 6 months |
| Diaphragm | Soft latex dome surrounded by a metal ring. It is used in conjunction with spermicidal jelly or cream. It is inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix. It can be inserted UP TO 2 hours before intercourse, and left in place for UP TO 6 hours afterward |
| Cervical Cap | Smaller than a diaphragm and only covers the cervix. It is held in place by suction. It is made of silicone or latex, and is used with spermicide. Cap may be inserted UP TO 36 HOURS before intercourse and provides protection for 48 hours. MUST be kept in for 6 hours after the final act, and should be replaced every year of use |
| Contraceptive Sponge | Nonhormonal, nonprescription device that includes both a barrier and a spermicide. Concave device that prevents pregnancy by covering the cervix and releasing spermicide |
| Oral Contraceptives | Suppress ovulation by adding estrogen and progesterone to a woman's body, thus mimicking pregnancy |
| Injectable Contraceptives | Include progestin-only OR a combination of estrogen and progestin agents that provide safe and highly effective birth control for up to 3 months. Widely available, offer discrete, convenient, reversible, and noncoital-dependent method of birth control |
| Sterilization | Permanent, safe, and highly effective method of contraception for those who are certain they DO NOT want, or do not want any more children. Vasectomy is the only highly reliable form of male contraceptive |
| Abortion | Expulsion of an embryo or fetus before it is viable |
| Surgical Abortion | Vacuum Aspiration or Dilation and Evacuation |
| Medical Abortion | Administration of Medication either vaginally or orally |
| Menopause | 1 year without a menstrual period |
| Menopausal Transition (Perimenopause) | Transition from a woman's reproductive phase of her life to her final menstrual period |
| Menopause Effects the…. | Brain & CNS, Cardiovascular, Skeletal, Breasts, GI, GU, Integumentary, and Body Shape & Size |
| Common Menopause Symptoms | Hot flashes, flushes of the head and neck, dryness in the eyes and vagina, personality changes, anxiety, and/or depression, loss of libido decreased lubrication, weight gain/water retention, night sweats, atrophic changes, loss of elasticity in vagina, fatigue, irritability, poor self-esteem, insomnia, stress incontinence, heart palpitations. |
| Chlamydia Patho & Risk Factors | Intracellular parasite, chlamydia trachomatis. It is the most commonly reported, and can infect humans and animals. Risk factors are adolescents, multiple sex partners, unprotected sex, barrier contraceptives, oral contraceptives, pregnancy, or history of another STI. |
| Chlamydia Symptoms | Urethritis, cervicitis, acute urethra syndrome, salpingitis, ectopic pregnancy, PID, and infertility, Mucopurulent vaginal discharge, bartholinitis, endometritis, salpingitis, dysfunctional uterine bleeding |
| Chlamydia Treatment | Antibiotics such as doxycycline 100 mg PO 2x daily for 7 days. OR azithromycin 1 g PO in a single dose |
| Gonorrhea Patho & Risk Factors | A serious, potentially severe, bacterial infection. High contagious and needs to be reported to the health department. Caused by an aerobic gram-negative intracellular diplococcus, Neisseria Gonorrhoeae that infects mucosal surfaces. It is the second most commonly reported STI. Risk factors include low socioeconomic status, urban areas, single status, inconsistent use of barrier contraceptives, under 20 years old, and multiple sex partners |
| Gonorrhea Symptoms | Abnormal vaginal discharge, dysuria, cervicitis, enlarged lymph glands locally, abnormal vaginal bleeding, bartholin abscess, PID, neonatal conjunctivitis, mild sore throat, rectal infection, perihepatitis. |
| Gonorrhea Treatment | Dual Therapy using two drugs to prevent drug resistance. Uncomplicated cases usually take 1 g PO azithromycin in a single dose, AND ceftriaxone 250 mg IM in a single dose. Azithromycin PO or doxycycline should accompany all infections if a concurrent chlamydial infection is not ruled out. |
| Cervicitis | Catchall term that implies the presence of inflammation of the cervix. Usually caused by gonorrhea or chlamydia, as well as almost any pathogenic bacterial agent and a number of viruses. |
| Herpes & Genital Ulcers Patho & Risk Factors | Recurrent, lifelong viral infection that can spread throughout the lifespan. Includes HSV-1 and HSV-2. Transmitted by contact of mucous membranes or breaks in the skin with visible or nonvisible lesions. It replicates at the site of infection, travels to the dorsal root ganglia and remains latent until stimuli such as fever, stress, UV radiation, or immunosuppression occurs and reactivates it. |
| Herpes & Genital Ulcers Treatment | There is no cure, but antiviral therapy can help reduce/suppress symptoms, shedding, and recurrent episodes. Acyclovir 400 mg PO 3x daily for 7-10 days, famciclovir 250 mg PO 3x daily for 7-10 days, and valacyclovir 1 g PO 2x daily for 7-10 days have resulted in Improved quality of life for those with HSV |
| Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Venereal Warts Patho & Risk Factors | Most common viral infection in US. Can lead to Genital Warts or condylomata. Essentially is the cause of all cases of cervical vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. Risk factors include age 15-25 years old, multiple sex partners or male partner that had sex with multiple sex partners |
| Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Venereal Warts Symptoms | Mostly asymptomatic, unrecognized, or subclinical. Visible genital warts are caused by HPV types 6 or 11. The warts can occur on external genitalia, or on the cervix and in the vagina, urethra, anus, and mouth. They can be painful, friable, and pruritis, although most are typically asymptomatic. |
| Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) | Fever blisters or cold sores on the lips, eyes, and face. |
| Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2) | Invasion of the mucous membranes of the genital tract |
| Overall Nursing Care for STI's | Provide guidance that promotes sexual health, encourage them to complete antibiotics, use contraception, abstain from sex. Convey adolescents willingness to discuss sexual habits. Provide effective guidance that promotes sexual health so that primary and/or repeat infections are avoided. |
Created by:
Nursing.Student.Help
Popular Nursing sets