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Matter and Energy
Term | Definition |
---|---|
physical property | The properties of matter that we observe with our senses. Divided into 2 categories known as extensive properties and intensive properties. |
extrinsic properties | Depend on the amount of matter present; mass, volume, and energy are some of the properties. |
intrinsic properties | Does not depend on the amount of matter present; color, melting point, boiling point, hardness, electrical conductivity, and density are some of the properties. |
compressible | When pressure is applied it can be pressed. |
phase barriers | The point at which matter changes phase. |
condensation point | The temperature at which a gas becomes a liquid; boiling point and condensing point are at the same temperature for a given substance. |
freezing point | The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid or freezes. |
melting point | The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid or melts. |
boiling point | The temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas. |
sublimation | The evaporation of a substance directly from a solid to a gas without melting (or going through the liquid phase). |
deposition | The condensation of a substance directly from a vapor to a solid, without going through the liquid phase. |
density | The mass per unit volume of a substance (kg/m³), (g/cm³), or how tightly packed something is. |
polarity | How the charge is distributed in a bond. |
volatile compound | Compounds that have a high vapor pressure, low water solubility, and they tend to vaporize. |
volume | The amount of space an object takes up. |
pressure | The amount of force applied on a given surface area. |
directly proportional | When 1 quantity increases or decreases, so does the related quantity. |
inversely proportional | As one quantity increases, the other decreases. |
internal energy | The energy in a system arising from the relative positions and interactions of its parts. |
exothermic reaction | Releases thermal energy, and these processes are often spontaneous. |
endothermic reaction | Absorbs thermal energy, and it causes the surrounding area to cool. |
activation energy | Minimum quantity of energy which the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction. |
catalyst | Increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. |