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Stack #358734
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Shunts blood away from digestive and housekeeping organs (like the skin, GI, kidney and bladder). | a-mediated vasoconstriction. |
| Shunts blood to skeletal muscle for vigorous activity | B-2 mediated vasodilation. |
| Shunt blood to lungs, heart, brain for alertness and vigorous activity | a-1 mediated vasoconstriction of major blood vessels creates a pressure differential that diverts blood to heart, brain and lungs. (Local vasodilatory factors in heart, lung, and brain contribute to increased blood flow). |
| Open pupils for more light input and better vision | a-1 mediated constriction of iris RADIAL muscles leading to mydriasis. |
| Increase oxygen supply in anticipation of increased demands-- | -B-2 mediated bronchodilation and -B2 mediated inhibition of mast cell degranulation. |
| Increased cardiac output in anticipation of increased demand-- | B-1 mediated increases in heart rate, force, and contractility. |
| Preparation for trauma and blood loss-- | a-2 mediated potentiation of platelet aggregation, and B-1 mediated increases in renin secretion leading to vasoconstriction. |
| Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) acts on what? | EPI and NE. |
| Monoamine oxidase information: | -2 forms, MAO-A and MAO-B, -Degrades phenylethylamines found in foods. -Acts on both EPI and NE taken up by Uptake I or Uptake II. -Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase are used for CNS effects. |
| Cardiovascular effects of NE, EPI and ISO infusion: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) is correlated with _____________? | Cardiac output (CO). |
| Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is correlated with ______________? | peripheral resistance (PR). (Ask Filtz for explanation on this. And go to Proteau's office hours too). |
| The mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) is found by taken an average of what? | The systolic and diastolic blood pressures. |
| Side effects of sympathomimetic drugs: | 1. CNS effects- Anxiety, restlessness, headache, fear. 2. Cardiac arrthymias (tachycardia arrythmias), heart palpitations. 3. Electrolyte imbalances (Hypokalemia from K+ uptake by skeletal muscle when combined with K+-depleting diuretics). (cont.) |
| cont. on side effects of sympathomimetic drugs (4. and 5.)-- | 4. Potential for cerebral hemorrhage from excess cerebral perfusion 5. Urinary retention |
| Epinephrine has activity at which receptors? (3) | alpha, B-1, and B-2. |
| What is the drug of choice in acute cardiac arrest (including drug-induced arrest) and how soon will it work? | Epinephrine; works immediately to jump start the heart. |
| What non-selective sympathomimetic compound is used with local anaesthesia? and how does it help? | Epinephrine. Epinephrine's local vasoconstrictive effects on the heart prolong the local concentration of anaesthetic. |
| What sympathomimetic agent is short-lived and not orally active? (What type of treatment is possible with this agent?) | Norepinephrine. Only short-term therapy, because it doesn't have a duration long enough for long-term therapy. |
| What is the drug of choice in anaphylatic shock? | Epinephrine (here it is under the non-selective sympathomimetic cmpds). |
| How does epinephrine work when used in anaphylactic shock? | -Opens constricted airways -Inhibits histamine release, decreasing local edema and vasodilation -Supports blood pressure, maintains cardiac perfusion (?) |
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