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Chemistry of Life 1

Basic Chemistry Review

QuestionAnswer
Element Simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties
6 common elements in the body Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus
Number of elements that have a biological role 24
Minerals Inorganic elements extracted from soil by plants and passed up the food chain (e.x. calcium, phosphorus, magnesium)
Mineral salts Needed for nerve and muscle function
Isotopes Varieties of an element that differ from one another only in the number of neutrons and therefore in mass
Atomic weight Relative atomic mass, accounts for masses of isotopes
Radioisotopes Unstable isotopes that give off radiation
Marie Curie Discovered radioactivity and pioneered radiation therapy as cancer treatment
Ionizing radiation High energy radiation that ejects electrons from atoms converting atoms to ions; destroyers molecules and produces free radicals
Physical half-life Time needed for 50% of a radioisotope to decay into a stable state
Biological half life Time needed for 50% of a radioisotope to disappear from the body
Electrolytes Salts that ionize in water and form solutions capable of conducting an electric current; has important chemical, osmotic, and electrical effects in the body
Free radicals Damaging chemical particles with an odd number of electrons, produced by normal metabolic reactions, radiation, and chemicals
Antioxidants Neutralizes free radicals
Solvency Ability to dissolve other chemicals
Universal Solvent Water
Adhesion Tendency of one substance to cling to another substance
Cohesion Tendency of like molecules to cling to each other
Buffers Chemicals that resist changes to pH
Created by: Rylyn27463
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