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atomic structure
notes covering the atomic structure, ions, isotopes, and more
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are atoms made up of? | subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons) |
| What is the relative mass of a proton? | 1 amu |
| What is the relative mass of an electron? | 0 amu |
| What is the relative mass of a neutron? | 1 amu |
| What is the relative charge of a proton? | +1 |
| What is the relative charge of an electron? | -1 |
| What is the relative charge of a neutron? | 0 |
| What identifies an atom as a specific element? | the number of protons |
| Where are electrons found? | in the electron cloud |
| Where can you find protons and neutrons? | in the nucleus |
| What makes up the majority of an atom's mass? | the nucleus |
| What makes up the majoirty of an atom's volume? | the electron cloud |
| What are the outermost electrons called? | valence electrons |
| How do atoms become charged? | when they gain or lose an electrom from its valence electrons |
| How does an atom become an anion (negatively charged)? | gaining electrons |
| What happened: O -> O^(2-) ? | the oxygen gained 2 electrons |
| How does an atom become a cation (postively charged)? | losing electrons |
| What happened: Na -> Na^(+) ? | the sodium lost 1 electron |
| What are polyatomic ions? | ions composed of more than 1 element, chemically bonded together |
| What's an example of a polyatomic ion? | PO4^(3-) |
| What are isotopes? | elements that have differing numbers of neutrons |
| What's an example of an isotope? | C-12 has 6 neutrons, but C-13 has 7 neutrons (reference: Carbon's atomic number is 6 and its mass 12) |
| How many electrons does an element with NO charge have? | # of electrons=# of protons |
| How many electrons does an element with a NEGATIVE charge have? | # of electons= # of protons PLUS the charge |
| How many electrons does an element with a POSITIVE charge have? | # of electons= # of protons MINUS the charge |
| Practice: Mg has 12 protons, a charge of 2+, and a mass of 24. How many electrons are present? | 10 electrons |
| Practice: Al has 13 protons, no charge, and a mass of 27. How many electrons are present? | 13 electrons |
| Practice: C has 6 protons, a charge of 1-, and a mass of 12. How many electrons are present? | 7 electrons |
| What is the difference between the mass number and the atomic mass? | mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons while atomic mass indicates the weighed average mass of all isotopes |
| Why is the mass number always a whole number, while the atomic mass is a number with decimals? | mass number counts the protons and neutrons but atomic mass is calculated from the isotope abundance |
| Bromine has 2 isotopes (Br-79 and Br-81); if the average atomic mass is 79.904, what conclusion could be made about the relative abundance of each isotope? | The relative abundance of each isotope is about equal since the AAM is close to 80, which is between the two isotopes. |
Created by:
shreyr
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