Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
DM and Metabolism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Normal BG range is | 70 - 105 |
| Normal A1C is | 4 - 6% |
| Prediabetes BG range is for Preprandial | Preprandial is 105 - 126 |
| Prediabetes A1C is | 5.7% - 6.4% |
| BG prior to surgery should be where | less than 200 |
| Which type DM has sign of Polyuria | Both 1 and 2 more severe in 1 |
| Which type DM has sign of Polydipsia | Both 1and2 more severe in 1 |
| Which type DM has sign of Polyphagia | Both 1and2 more severe in 1 |
| Which type DM has sign of Weight loss | Both 1and2 more severe in 1 |
| Which type DM has sign of Acanthosis Nigricans | |
| Which type DM has sign of Malaise and Fatigue | Both 1 and 2 |
| Which type DM has sign of Blurred vision | Type 2 |
| Which type DM has sign of Infections | Type 2 |
| Which type DM has sign of Paresthesia | Type 2 |
| OGTT stands for | Oral Glucose Tolerance Test |
| HbA1C is | Glycosylated hemoglobin |
| Beta 1 cells are found where in the body organs | Heart muscle , kidney and fat cells |
| Beta 2 cells are found where in the body organs. | Smooth muscle of airway , skeletal muscles , uterine muscles and other cells. |
| 15 rule for hypoglycemia is | 15 grams of a simple sugar ( 4 oz. juice) , wait 15 minutes and recheck BG. |
| Main cause to DKA is | Being sick , hyperglycemic and dehydrated |
| Fruity breath is a sign of | DKA |
| Syndrome after stomach surgery where contents move from the stomach to small intestine to quickly, especially with sugary foods. Causing cramping, diarrhea | Dumping syndrome or rapid gastric emptying |
| Term for when stomach acid/ contents leak into the peritoneum. Can cause peritonitis. Can occur after stomach surgery | Anastomotic leak |
| A patient takes regular insulin at 0800. What time would the nurse monitor the patient for hypoglycemia? | 9 am |
| What type of insulin is lispro? | Rapid acting |
| A patient with type 2 diabetes may require insulin when oral antidiabetic medications, diet and exercise are no longer able to control their blood glucose levels | true |
| Which is a complication of insulin? | Hypoglycemia and Lipohypertrophy |
| Which class of medications stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas? | Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides |
| Which class of medications decreases insulin resistance? | Thiazolidinediones (TZD) |
| Which is a common side effect of metformin? | GI effect N/D |
| Which medication should be taken with first bite of food at breakfast, lunch and dinner? | Acarbose |
| A patient has just been told they are a pre-diabetic. Which medication will the healthcare provider most likely prescribe? | Metformin |
| Which is the best way to decrease the risks of long-term diabetic complications such as renal failure or neuropathy? BG level | Maintain BG below 140 |
| Signs of Hypoglycemia | Shaky, tachycardia, sweaty, dizzy, anxious, hungry, blurry vision, weak, headache, nervous. |
| Quick fix for Hypoglycemia from skipping a meal or too much insulin. | 4 oz, fruit juice , 3 or 4 glucose tablets, 3 to 5 hard candies. COLD AND CLAMY - FEED ME CANDY |
| Signs of Hyperglycemia | Polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia, dry mouth, fatigue and dry itchy skin, dry mucous membranes. DRY AND HOT- I NEED A SHOT |
| term for permanent change to the retina | Diabetic Retinopathy |
| Only insulin that can be administered by IV is | Regular |
| What electrolyte must be monitored when giving IV therapy for DKA or HHS | Potassium K+ |
| Signs of DKA are | Polydipsia and polyuria |
| What causes DKA | Not enough insulin in the in blood to allow glucose to enter the cells; the liver starts to break down fat for cell fuel which creates acids called ketones that build up in the body. |
| DKA is a extreme form of which glycemia | Hyperglycemia; High blood sugar and Low insulin levels. |
| Why does being sick/ ill have a greater effect on getting DKA | Because person does not eat or drink as much as usual, making it hard to manage glucose levels. NOT administering insulin |
| IV fluid to use for DKA is | Normal saline and then switch to half normal saline. |
| Term for when water loss is in excess to that of sodium chloride losses thru urine because of high BG | Diuresis. |
| Therapeutic goals for DKA are | Improving circulatory volume, tissue perfusion, reducing BG and serum osmolality to wnl, correcting electrolyte imbalance. clearing Ketones. |
| Myxedema is | Non pitting edema, hypothermia, bradycardia, delayed deep tendon reflexes, enlarged tongue |
| Interventions for Myxedema are | ABC. with normalizing temperature, getting normal cardiac status , electrolyte and BG levels back to normal. |
| Signs of Hypothyroidism .. some | Hair loss , fatigue, depression, older, Increased TSH. feeling cold, gaining wt. goiter, constipation |
| Is TSH increased or decreased with Hyperthyroidism | Decreased TSH levels, means the thyroid is producing more TH. which increases metabolic rate. |
| signs of Hyperthyroidism are | Decrease in wt. Heat intolerant, bulging eyes, Goiter, Increased sweating , Angina, Tachycardia, Diarrhea. |
| Treatment for Hyperthyroidism | Surgery, Antithyroid medications. Radioactive iodine, Side Effects could be loss of voice or edema in throat. |
| Signs of Thyroid Storm ( severe hyperthyroidism) | Delirium, severe tachycardia, HF, Hyperthermia. V/D. Jaundice, seizures and coma. |
| Surgery can cause which which state of glycemia | Hyperglycemia due to the stress, causes an increase on insulin resistance |
| Term for atrophy of subcutaneous tissue from injecting insulin in same location. | Lipoatrophy |
| Term for hypertrophy of subcutaneous tissue from injecting insulin in same location. | Lipodystrophy |
| Term for when Albumin passes from the blood into the urine | Albuminuria, Albumin should not be in urine , sign of Nephropathy, look at creatinine. |
| Normal Fasting Blood Glucose level | 100 mg/dL |
| Fasting BG levels that show a impaired level | > 100 but < 126 mg/dL |
| Fasting BG level that indicates diabetes mellitus | > 126 mg/dL |
| What happens to water during Hyperglycemia | Water moves out of cells causing cellular dehydration, water moves into the vascular space causing FVE with polyuria, hypernatremia, urine output goes up causing dehydration and glucose levels increase causing metabolic acidosis. |
| Reason why glucose has trouble with up take in cells with T2D | Pancreas produces little insulin which may not be enough. Insulin receptors on cells may be desensitized to insulin and not open the insulin channels. |
| Term related to glucose staying attached to Hgb, taking up the spots for oxygen | Glycosylated Hemoglobin |
| Lispro insulin is which acting | Rapid acting |
| Onset, Peak and Duration for Lispro insulin is | Onset = 15- 30 min. Peak = 30 min. - 3 hours Duration = 3 - 5 hours |
| Short acting insulin is named what | Regular insulin |
| Onset, Peak and Duration for Regular insulin is | Onset = 30 - 60 min. Peak = 1 -5 hours Duration = 6-10 hours |
| Onset, Peak and Duration for NPH insulin is | Onset = 1-2 hours Peak = 4 -14 hours Duration = 14 -24 hours |
| Intermediate insulin is named what | NPH |
| Long acting insulin is named what | Glargine u-100 or Lantus |
| Onset, Peak and Duration for NPH insulin is | Onset = 1 - 2 hours Peak = 4 to 14 hours Duration = 14 to 24 hours |
| Only insulin that can be giving IV | Regular |
| Insulin that can not be used in a pump | NPH |
| 2 oral insulins that are in the Sulfonylureas class | Glipizide and Glyburide |
| Oral insulin that are in the Biguanides class | Metformin |
| Oral insulin that are in the Thiazolidinediones (TZD) | Pioglitazone |
| Oral insulin that are in the Alpha glucosidase inhibitor class | Acarbose |
| Oral medication that reduces the production of glucose in the liver, 1st choice med for T2D pt. | Biguanides |
| 4 Oral med that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas and increases cell insulin receptor sensitivity. | Glipizide, Glyburide, Repaglinide and Nateglinide |
| Oral drug that is in the TZD class that increases glucose uptake and decreases glucose production | Pioglitazone |
| Oral drug that decreases the secretion of glucagon and promotes the release of insulin, also lowers postprandial and BG levels. | Gliptins class, Sitagliptin |
| Oral med that decrease liver glucose production , decrease intestinal glucose absorption and increases cell sensitivity | Metformin |
| HHS is | Hyperosmolarity Hyperglycemic Syndrome- severe dehydration and hyperglycemic. |
| What causes Myxedema | Severe Hypothyroidism |
| What is the time frame between chemotherapy sessions | 21 to 28 days or once a month. |
| 5 places that cancer likes to travel to are | Lungs, Head, Neck, Breast, Bones |
| What is a NADIR period | Is the period in time that a person on their chemotherapy cycle hits the point of the lowest blood cell count, Known as the NADIR |
| How to treat Hypercalcemia | Hydration, vit D |
| Items that create Hypercalcemia | Overactive parathyroid gland producing too much pth which stimulates the release of ca2+, kidney disease, intake of too much ca2+, Cancer in the bone can cause for release. |
| If calcium levels go up which ion goes down | Phosphate |
| Name for Anemia that is caused from the lack of RBC production in the bones. | Aplastic Anemia |
| Name for the Anemia that is caused from the RBC being destroyed | Hemolytic Anemia |
| At what level in the platelet count would a pt. be placed on a thrombolytic precaution | 50,000 for precaution and 20,000 pt chemo treatment should be postponed |
| Term for an Anemia that is caused by a failure to absorb B12 due D/T a lack of Gastric Intrinsic Factor. | Pernicious Anemia |
| Term for a condition known as wasting syndrome in cancer pt. | Cachexia |
| Term for cancer therapy that works internally with radiation | Brachytherapy |
| Serum lab values that will show signs of TLS in chemo pt. Tumor Lysis Syndrome | Hyperkalemia, Hyperphosphatemia, Hyperuricemia, and Hypocalcemia |
| Term for an increase in RBC | Polycythemia |
| Term for cracked and dry lips due to anemia | Cheilosis |
| Where is Erythropoietin produced | Kidney |
| Term for the Lack of production of all 3 blood cells in the bone marrow , causes an Anemia | Aplastic Anemia |
| Term for the lack of all 3 blood cells | Pancytopenia |
| Trapped sickled RBC in the spleen is known as what | Sickle cell crisis |
Created by:
scones and joe
Popular Nursing sets