Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
VET 201- Exotic Lab
Research Variables (chp 13)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nonexperimental Variables | lead to incorrect conclusions from the data collected. Plays a role in response to experimental manipulations. |
| Genetic Composition | an intrinsic factor that determines the biologic responses of individual. Critical that this is maintained so the data is not impacted. |
| Inbred Animals | animals used to collect reproducible and comparable research data. |
| Outbred Animals | animals that are produced to maintain heterogeneity. |
| Etc. Intrinsic Factors | -age, sex, immune function |
| Neonates | animals that have an immature immune system |
| Geriatric | animals that have decreased organ function |
| Extrinsic Factors | originating from, or on the outside. Three categories: physical, chemical, and microbial. |
| Physical Extrinsic Factors | -micro- & macroenvironment, stress, cage design, temperature, relative humidity, ventilation, lighting, noise. |
| Chemical Extrinsic Factors | -food, water, drugs, air, diet, bedding material, caging materials, cleaning agents. |
| Microbial Extrinsic Factors | -pathogen microbes, sub-clinical, vectors, fomites, caretakers, direct contact. |
| Macroenvironment | environment in the animal room. |
| Microenvironment | environment within the animal's cage or pen. |
| Macroenvironment Factors | -temperature, humidity, dust, ventilation, + & - pressure, light intensity/duration, noise, odors, these all affect animal behavior/stress/health/physiology. |
| Low Humidity | causes ringtail in rats and epistaxis in some nonhuman primates |
| Epistaxis | bleeding from the nose |
| High Humidity | can cause gerbils to have greasy ruffled coats, respiratory problems, and increases food spoilage. |
| Humidity Levels Affect: | -animal's ability to thermoregulate, amount of food eaten, transmission of infectious agents, impact skin absorption studies, intracage ammonia levels. |
| Noise & Vibrations | reducing this entrinsic factor helps eliminate stress. This can startle animals leading to injuries, reduced breeding, and altering hormone levels. |
| Lighting | most commonly 12;12 or 14;10 (14 light, 10 dark) |
| Chemical Extrinsic Factors | -xenobiotics, food, water, bedding materials, pharmaceutical agents. |
| Xenobiotics | chemicals that are foreign to a biological system. Potential sources include air, diet, bedding material, caging materials, cleaning agents. |
| Bedding Materials | can be contaminated w/ chemicals and indirectly affect studies. Softwoods (cedar) not recommended, can lead to hepatic problems and cytotoxicity. |
| Cytotoxicity | toxic to living cells |
| Microbial Extrinsic Factors | one of the most obvious extrinsic factor that can affect research integrity. Can happen through direct or indirect contact. |
| Vectors | living things that carry a disease causing organism (people, insects, etc.). |
| Fomites | nonliving materials that can transmit disease (bedding, equipment). |
| Pathway of Infection | this must be understood in order to prevent, contain, and potentially eradicate infections from spreading. |
| Vertical Transmission | transfer pathogen from a parent, usually the dam, to the offspring and occurs in utero or at birth. |
| Horizontal Transmission | transfer pathogen from infected animal to another animal (indirect/direct contact, fomites, vectors). |
| Receiving Lab Animals | -separate loading dock for animal shipments -observe containers/vehicle conditions -check all paperwork -disinfect outsides of shipping containers before removing animals. |
| Quarantine Areas | separate areas for incoming animals, has negative pressure |
| Conditioning | quarantine animals that are adjusting to new environment (acclimation). |
| Isolation | separate areas where sicks animals are housed, can be contagious to other animals and staff, has negative pressure. |
| Colony Health Surveillance Methods | -histopathology, parasitology, serology, molecular biology, microbiology |
| Histopathology | gross & microscopic examination of tissues and organs from asymptomatic and clinically ill, uncovers emerging infectious agents |
| Parasitology | checking hair and skin for mites/lice, using a low-power microscope, also checks for internal parasites. |
| Pelage | the fur, hair, or wool of a mammal. |
| Serology | Indirect measure of past exposure to an infectious agent, is most useful for viral and mycoplasmal infections. Most common colony health surveillance method. |
| Molecular Biology | uses a Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect endoparasites from a fecal sample and fur mites from a fur swab. |
| Microbiology | uses inoculating agar or broth with the animal or environmental samples. |
| Inoculating | introducing an antigenic substance (aka antigens that induce an immune response) or a vaccine (weakened/dead/unactivated germs/pathogens) into the body in order to induce immunity to that substance/pathogen. |
| Sentinel Animals | animals used to diagnose sub-clinical disease (viruses/bacteria/parasites). healthy animals placed in room for purpose of detecting disease. If these animals test +, then research animals are also + |
| Sub-Clinical Disease | An illness that is staying below the surface of clinical detection, has no recognizable clinical findings. |
Created by:
Riley.Scherf
Popular Laboratory Science sets