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Sociology Chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sociology | is the scientific study of human behavior in society |
| Conventional Wisdom/Common Sense | -Subjective -Ignores facts -Varies across groups and cultures -Based on myths and misconceptions |
| Sociology | -Examines claims and beliefs critically -Considers many points of view -Enables us to move beyond established ways of thinking -Analyzes how social context influences people's lives |
| Sociological Imagination | Ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and lager social influences. |
| Microsociology | Examines the patterns of individuals' social interaction in specific settings. |
| Macrosociology | Examines large-scale patterns and process that characterize society as a whole. |
| Importance of Study Sociology | -Helps make informed decisions -Aids in understanding diversity -Shapes social and public policies and practices -Develops critical thinking -Expands career opportunities |
| What is Critical Sociological Thinking? | -Rely on reason rather than emotion -Ask question, avoid snap judgments, and examine popular and unpopular beliefs -Recognize one's own and other's assumptions, prejudices, and points of view -Remain open to alternative, explanations and theories |
| What is Critical Sociological Thinking? | -Require and examine competing evidence -Understand how public issues affect private troubles |
| Origin of Sociological Theory | Theories are developed to understand human behavior |
| Theory | Set of statements that explains why a phenomenon occurs |
| Auguste Comte | -Father of Sociology -Advocated empirical study of society -Information should be based on observations and experiments rather than on ideology or common sense |
| Harriet Martineau | -Translated and disseminated Comte's work -Emphasized systematic data collection through observation and interviews |
| Emile Durkheim | -Used scientific methods to study society -Advocated study of social facts |
| Karl Marx | -Most influential social scientist -Viewed development of capitalism as a social change |
| Max Weber | -Social organization -Subjective understanding of behavior -Value-free sociology |
| Jane Addams | -Leader in women's suffrage movement -Awarded of Nobel Peace Prize |
| W.E.B Du Bois | -Examined oppressive effects of race and class -Advocated women's rights -Played a key role in reshaping back-white relations in America |
| Social Facts | Aspects of social life, external to the individual, that can be measured |
| Empirical | Information that is based on observation, experiments, or other data collection rather than on ideology, religion or conventional wisdom. |
| Social Solidarity | Social cohesiveness and harmony |
| Division of labor | An interdependence of different tasks and occupations, characteristic of industrialized societies, that produces social unity and facilitates change |
| Capitalism | Economic system based on the private ownership of property and the means of production |
| Alienation | Feeling separated from one's group or society |
| Value Free | Is one who separates her or his personal values, opinions, ideology, and beliefs from scientific research |
| Contemporary Sociological Theories | -Functionalism -Conflict Theory -Feminist Theory -Symbolic Interaction -Other theoretical approaches |
| Functionalism | View society as a complex system of interdependent parts that work together to ensure survival Each is institution or social group has structures and each structures fulfills a certain function (Similar as the human body) Ignores social change |
| Dysfunctions | Social patterns that have a negative impact on a group or society |
| Manifest Functions | Purposes and activities that are intended and recognized; they present and clearly event |
| Latent Functions | Purposes and activities that are unintended and unrecognized; they are present but not immediately obvious |
| Conflict Theory | -Examines how and why groups disagree, struggle overpower, and compete for scarce resources -Perceives continuous tension between haves and have-nots -Explain how societies create and cope with disagreements -Overemphasizes competition and coercion |
| Feminist Theories | -Focus on women's social, economic, and political inequality -Consider gender an important variable in sociological research -Include many perspective Liveral,Radical, Global Feminism -Overlook gender, social class and generation gaps |
| Symbolic Interaction | - Examines individual's everyday behavior through the communication of knowledge, ideas, beliefs, and attitudes -Base actions on social interactions -Examines communication via symbols -Ignores irrational and unconscious aspects of human behavior |
| Other Theoretical Approaches | -New theoretical perspectives -Subfields of sociology -No single theory explains life completely |
| Functionalism | Macro Level of Analysis |
| Conflict Theory | Macro Level of Analysis |
| Feminist Theories | Macro and Micro Level of Analysis |
| Symbolic Interaction | Micro Level of Analysis |
| Social Interaction | A Process in which people take each other into account in their own behavior |
Created by:
Yerlin99
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