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Life Span Ch 19
Developmental Stages- Freud, Erikson, Piaget, Kohlberg
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is a specific phase or period when the presence of a function or reasoning has its greatest effect on a specific aspect of development? | Critical period of development |
What kind of theories attempt to account for the reasons why people become who and what they are? | Human development theories |
What psychoanalytic theory believes that the changes that occur during development are driven by two internal biological forces? | Freud's psychosexual development theory |
What are the 5 stages of development according to Freud? | Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, Genital (Here's an acronym to help remember Freud's stages: Ordinary Aging Prolongs Lon- Gevity) |
What age groups are included in the Infancy stage of development? | 0-18 months |
What age groups are included in the Early Childhood Infancy stage of development? | 18 months to 3 years |
What age groups are included in the Preschool stage of development? | 3-5 years |
What age groups are included in the Childhood stage of development? | 6-12 years |
What age groups are included in the Adolescence stage of development? | 12 -19 years |
During what stage according to Freud's theory does the child's sexual urges reawaken, and social activities begin to occur outside the family? | During the Genital stage = adolescence 12-19 years |
During which of Freud's stages are the sexual urges from the earlier phallic stage become repressed and channeled into productive activities that are socially acceptable? | Latent stage = Childhood 6-12 years |
What are Erikson's Eight Stages of Development? | Trust vs Mistrust, Independence vs Shame and Doubt, Initiative vs Guilt, Industry vs Inferiority, Identity vs Role Confusion, Intimacy vs Isolation, Generativity vs Self-Absorbtion and Stagnation, Ego Integrity vs Despair |
Who expanded Freud's theory to a psychosocial model that covered the whole life span? | Erikson |
According to Erikson, in which stage does a child grapple with the ability to trust others? | Trust vs. Mistrust = Infancy 0-18 montsh |
According to Erikson, in which stage does a child develop self control and independence? | Independence vs Shame and doubt = Toddler 18 months to 3 years |
According to Erikson, in which stage is a child highly imaginative? | Initiative vs Guilt = Preschool 3-5 years |
According to Erikson, in which stage is a child involved in task and activities? | Industry vs Inferiority = Childhood 6-12 years |
According to Erikson, in which stage does an individual deal with sexual maturity and ask, "who am I?" | Identity vs Role Confusion = Adolescence 12 -19 years |
According to Erikson, at what stage does a person develop a sense of Identity and deepen their capacity to love others and care for them? | Intimacy vs Isolation |
According to Erikson, what stage occurs during middle adult years? | Generativity vs Self Absorbtion |
During which of Erikson's stages do people reflect or their lifetime with either a sense of accomplishment or a sense of despair? | Ego Integrity vs Despair |
During which of Erikson's stages does a person struggle with losses while being challenged to adjust and continue to live a rich and full life? | Ego Integrity vs Despair |
Who developed cognitive theory of development that describes children's intellectual organization and how they see the world through four different periods? | Jean Piaget |
What are the four periods of Development in Piaget's theory? | Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations. |
During which of Piaget's periods does a child move from reflexive activities to simple repetitive actions? | Sensorimotor period = Infancy 0-18 months |
During which of Piaget's periods does a child begin thinking using symbols? | Preoperational period |
During which of Piaget's periods does a child begin to employ logical thinking? | Concrete Operations period = Childhood 6-12 years |
During which of Piaget's periods does a child begin abstract thinking? | Formal Operations period = Adolescence 12-19 years |
Who expanded on Piaget's theory by adding the development of moral reasoning? | Lawrence Kohlberg |
According to Kohlberg at what level does a child make moral judgments based on a punishment and obedience orientation? | Preconventional level |
According to Kohlberg at what level does a child make moral decisions by thinking, "How can I avoid punishment?" | Preconventional level |
According to Kohlberg, at what level does an individual make moral decision mainly by adhering to social norms? | Conventional level |
According to Kohlberg, at which level do indiviuals make moral judgments based on principles that may break with social norms? | Postconventional level |
What are Maslow's needs listed from most basic to the highest level? | Physiological, Safety and Security, Belonging, Self-Esteem, Self-Actualization |
Which developmental theorist compared male and female personality development and highlighted the differences? | Carol Gilligan |
According to Carol Gilligan, what is the most important factor in successful female development? | Attachment |
According to Gilligan, how does a woman's moral dilemma change? | From how to exercise their rights without interfering with the rights of others to "How to lead a moral life," which includes obligations to themselves, their families, and people in general. |
According to which developmental theorist, assimilation and accommodation of new information is necessary to stimulate intellectual growth? | Jean Piaget |
Whose psychosocial theory consist of eight stages that require resolution of a conflict? | Erikson |
Which theorist would say that the achievement of developmental goals is affected by the social environment? | Erikson |
Defense mechanisms help to cope with anxiety is a concept from which theorist? | Sigmund Freud |
Which theorist would say that moral maturity is a central theme in all stages of development? | Lawrence Kohlberg |