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Geri
Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Parts of Medicaid | A: Hospital, B: Medical insurance C: Addeed plans HMO etc. D: Drug coverage |
| Most dangerous clinical setting for adults | Hospitals |
| Independece at home act part of ACA | care deliver to high risk patients at home |
| Six quality outcomes monitored in the Independence at home project | Follow up within 48 hours, med rec, documentation of patient preference. Hospital readmission, preventable admissions, preventable emergency visits |
| 3 leading causes of death among older adults | Vascuolar disease, COPD, cancer. |
| Influences of human aging | biologic, psycologic, sociologic, functional and spiritual factors. |
| continoum of events that occur form coception to death | View of Aging |
| Theories of aging | Biologic, Sociologic, psychological, nursing, moral spiritual |
| Foci of biologic aging theories | explanation of of effects leading to decreased function of organims, grade related changes, Intrinsic changes for members of same species within chronological age. |
| Mithochondrial free radical theory (bio) | pollutants such as pesticide and radiation, attaches to molecules monopolizing the receptors and inhibiting reaction with other substances. This chemical reaction is called lipid peroxidation. DNA or RNA mutation can ocurr |
| part of free radical theory where a substance called LIPOFUCIN specially found in nervous and muscle tissue. | Also referred to as "age spots" , this lipid and protein enriched pigmented material deprives healthy tissue from oxygen and nutrient supply. |
| Viamins that inhibit free radicals | C and E |
| Cross Linkage theory ( bio) | With age proteins proteins become cross linked or enmeshed impeding metabolic processes and obstructing nutrients and waste removal between the intra and extracellular compartment. |
| Inert Long chain macromolecule produced by fibroblast and involved in cross linkage theory | Collagen |
| Example of cross linkage agents | unsaturated fats, aluminum zic and magnesium, also excsive radiation exposure. |
| Prevention of cross linkage | exercise and vitamin C |
| Organs affected by cross linkage in regards to high glucose | lens of eye, membranes of the kidney, blood vessels. |
| Priamry cause of arteriosclorosis in regads to biological theories | Cross linkage |
| Hayflick Limit Theory (Bio) | A cumulative effect of of improper functioning of cells and eventual loss of cell in organs and tissues are therefore responsible for the aging phenomenon. Also known as Biological Clock theory and preprogram clock of 110-120 years |
| Immunologic theory | immunosenescence effect were T and B lymphocytes primarily affected. Decrease in immune system function, Decreased ressitace to a tumor cell, heightened production of autoantigens |
| Kaposi sarcoma mostly associated with what Immunocompetence | HIV |
| Vaccination recomended for preventative measures in the older adult | Pneumococal and Influenza |
| Other applications of biological theories include? | reduction of stress, heat or cold application, therapeutic touch, massage therapy. |
| Sociologic theories of aging | |
| Activity theory (Socio) | Individuals need to remain active to age successfully. Activity is necessary to maintain life satisfaction and a positive self concept |
| Continuity theory (socio) | Individuals will respond to aging in the same way they have responded to previous life events. Habits, commitments, preferences and personality characteristics are kept. |
| Age stratification (socio) | Society consist of groups of cohorts that age collectively. The people and roles in these cohorts change and influence each other as does society at large, High Interdependence exist in older adults. |
| Person enviroment fit theory ( socio) | Everyone has personal competencies that assist the person in dealing with the enviroment. These competencies may change with age affecting the older persons ability to interralate with the enviroment . |
| Young old | 65-74 |
| Middle old | 75-84 |
| )ld old | >85 |
| Elite old | >100 |
| Withdrawal may be a sign of what in the older adult? | Depression |
| Maslow's hierarchy of human needs Psycho theory | Human motivation is viewed as a hierarchy of needs critical to the growth and development of all people. Individual are viewed as active participants in life striving for sefl actualization |
| Jung's theory of individualism | Development is viewed as occurring throughout adulthood, with self realization as the goal of personality development . As individual age, they can transform into a more spiritual being |
| Selective optimization with compensation | Physical capacity diminishes with age. An individual who ages successfully compensates for these deficits through selection, optimization, and compensation |
| Successful aging according to Jung's theory | Successful aging happens when a person is able to look inward and value him or herself for more than just current physical limitations or losses. |
| Erikson's theory | Generativity vs self absorption stagnation 40-65/ Ego integrity vs despair 65-death |
| Nursing theories | Theory of succesful aging, Health promotion model, comfort theroy |
| Theory of successful aging NRS | Derived from sister Calista, defined as and individuals perception of a favorable outcome adapting to the cumulative physiologic and functional alteration associate with the passage of time while experience spiritual connectness. |
| Health promotion model NRS | Health is a dynamic state directed at improving the persons overall sense of well being , health is multidimensional in nature and influenced by the person environment |
| Comfort theory | Kolcaba, Immediate experience of being strengthened through having the needs for relief, ease, and transcendence met in four context of experience ( physical, psychospiritual, social and environmental |
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Yassj86
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