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Chp 10-Nervous Sys 7
Labs/Procedures: Davi-Ellen Chabner, The Language of Medicine 8th Edition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cerebrospinal fluid analysis: | Samples of CSF are examined for water, glucose, sodium, chloride, protein, red blood cells, white blood cells. With cytology, can look for tumor cells, bacteria, viruses. |
| CSF analysis is used to diagnose: | Infection, tumor, multiple sclerosis. |
| Cerebral angiography: | X-ray motion pictures of arterial blood vessel system in brain after injection of contrast material, into femoral artery. |
| Cerebral angiography is used to diagnose: | Vascular disease (aneurysm, occlusion, hemorrhage) in the brain. |
| Computed tomography (CT) of the brain: | X-ray using contrast material to generate computerized cross-sectional images of brain & spinal cord. |
| Computed tomography (CT) of the brain is used to diagnose: | Abnormalities such as contrast leaks through the blood-brain barrier; tumor, hemorrhage, blood clots. |
| Brain surgery uses the ____ to map the brain in advance. | Computed tomography (CT). |
| Myelography: | X-ray with contrast injected into subarachnoid space, to image the spinal canal. |
| Myelography is being replaced by these studies: | CT, MRI - they are less invasive. |
| MRI of the brain: | Magnetic & radio waves create 3-D image. |
| MRI is used to diagnose: | Brain & spinal cord lesions (as with CT) plus strokes, changes from trauma & Alzheimer disease. |
| MRA - Magnetic resonance angiography: | 3-D Images of blood vessels. |
| Positron emission tomography scan (PET) | Computerized radionuclide study - uses radioactive glucose to image metabolic activity of cells. |
| PET scans are used to provide info about the _____ of brain tissue in these conditions: | Function; Alzheimer disease, stroke, schizophrenia, epilepsy. |
| Doppler/ultrasound: | Sound waves detect blood flow in carotid & intracranial arteries. |
| Doppler/ultrasound is used to evaluate/diagnosis: | Carotid artery occlusion (blocked blood flow to the brain). |
| Electroencephalography (EEG): | Records electrial activity of the brain. |
| EEG is used to diagnose: | Seizure activity from brain tumors, brain injuries, and other diseases. |
| Lumbar puncture (LP): | CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae. |
| Lumbar puncture (LP) is also known as: | Spinal tap. |
| CSF pressure is measured after a needle has been inserted between two _____ ______. | Lumbar vertebrae. |
| During LP, injection may be carried out, such as: | Contrast for myelography, or intrathecal medicine. |
| After LP, patients may experience this symptom: | Headache. |
| With an LP, the patient lies on their side, with the knees drawn up to their chin, to help in what way: | Increase space between vertebrae. |
| In LP, the needle is inserted between L3-L4 or L4-L5, then advanced to the _____ space. | Subarachnoid. |
| A specialized instrument can locate & treat a target in the brain. | Stereotactic radiosurgery. |
| Stereotactic radiosurgery uses _____ _____ to treat deep intracranial brain tumors & abnormal blood vessel masses. | Gamma knife. |
| Abnormal blood vessel masses are called: | Arteriovenous malformation(s) - (AVM) |
| Proton stereotactic radiosurgery delivers a uniform dose of _____ _____ to a target & spares surrounding normal tissue. | Proton radiation. |
| In stereotactic radisurgery, an instrument is fixed to the _____ and guides the insertion of a _____ by a 3D measurement. | Skull, needle. |
Created by:
bethybb
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