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Chemistry Unit 13
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What are the unique properties of water | 1) high surface tension, 2)Low vapor pressure, 3)High heat capacity, 4) high heat of vaporization, 5)ice is less dense than liquid water, 6) Heat of fusion, 7) Water is a good solvent |
What is an electrolyte | a molten or aqueous solution that conducts electricity |
What is a strong electrolyte | complete dissociation with many ions |
What is a weak electrolyte | partial dissociation with few ions |
What is a non electrolyte | no dissociation with no ions |
Emulsion | colloidal dispersion of liquid in liquid |
Emulsifying agents | have both a polar and non polar end. It makes a colloidal dispersion that does not normally exist |
Tyndall effect | visible light beam at right angle, colloid and suspension |
Brownian motion | particles are small enough to remain suspended because of the random motion of the solvent particles |
Solutions | Homogenous mixtures that can be solids, liquids, or gases |
Agitation | stirring or shaking |
What can affect the rate of solvation | agitation, increased temperature, and smaller particle size |
Solubility | @ Dynamic equilibrium it can no longer dissolve more solute |
Rate of solvation= | rate of precipitation |
Unsaturated | seed crystal dissolves when added |
Saturated | seed crystal does not dissolve, falls to the bottom |
supersaturated | additional solute crystallizes out |
As temperature increases so does | solubility |
Gas solubility, as temperature increases solubility | decreases |
Henry's law | solubility of a gas is directly related to pressure |
Dilute | little water in solution |
concentrated | much solute in solution |
Molarity | moles of solute/liters of solution |
Molality | moles solute/kg solvent |
(percent concentration) if solute is a liquid | (vol. of solute/vol. of solution)x100 |
(percent concentration) if solute is a solid | (mass of solute/vol. of solution)x100 or (mass of solute/mass of solution) x100 |
Dilutions | add water to a concentrated solution to make a more dilute solution, number of moles of solute does not change |
(M1) M1V1=M2V2 | concentration of shelf solution |
(M2) M1V1=M2V2 | concentration you want |
(V2) M1V1=M2V2 | volume you want |
(V1) M1V1=M2V2 | volume of shelf solution needed |
mole fraction | moles A/Moles of A+B |