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Respiratory Part I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where does cellular respiration occur? | - mitochondria |
| What does upper respiratory consist of? | - above larynx; sinuses |
| What does lower respiratory consist of? | - larynx and below; bronchitis |
| Conducting zone: Respiratory zone: | - filter, warm and moisten air; inside lungs - gas exchange occurs; bronchioles to alveoli |
| Alveoli: | - air filled pockets within lungs; where gas exchange takes place |
| What must happen for gas exchange to happen efficiently? | 1. walls must be thin 2. high surface area 3. creates fast exchange |
| What does the defense system consist of? | 1. mucous 2. cilia 3. hairs and mucus in nasal cavity 4. alveolar macrophages (dust cells) |
| Alveolar epithelium: | - simple squamous - lines gas exchange surfaces of alveoli - if anything is missed, dust cells will cover it |
| Nasopharynx functions: | - respiration - fighting infections - drainage system |
| Cartilages of larynx: | - epiglottis - thyroid cartilage - cricoid cartilage |
| Vestibular ligaments: Vocal ligaments: Bronchi: | - false vocal cords; prevents food - true vocal cords; vibrates - extends into lungs to become bronchioles |
| Extrapulmonary bronchi: Intrapulmonary bronchi: | - L and R branches outside lungs - branches within lungs |
| Carina: | - separates 2 main bronchi at trachea |
| R main Bronchus: | - natural path of aspirated objects due to vertical angle |
| Segmental Bronchi: | - amount of sm increases - branch ends in bronchopulmonary segments |
| Bronchoconstriction: Bronchodilation: | - constricts bronchi by smooth mm creating tension folds in mucosa - dilation of bronchial airways; reduces resistance |
| Alveolar ducts: Alveolar sacs: Alveolus: | - connection bt respiratory bronchiole and alv. sac - 2+ alveoli sharing same opening - elastic membrane for recoiling; connects directly to gas exchange membrane |
| Type I pneumocytes: Type II pneumocytes: | - simple squamous cells that form alveolar epithelium - septal cells; oily secretion that breaks H bonds so was can be unstuck after exhale |
| 3 Layers of blood air barrier: | 1. alveolar cell layer 2. fused basement membrane 3. capillary endothelial layer |
Created by:
madelineyork
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