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Chapter 31
Urinary Elimination and Care
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Void | means to urinate or micturate |
| hematuria | means blood in the urine either visible or microscopic |
| Oliguria | means urinary output of less than 30 mL/hour |
| Polyuria | means urinary output greater greater than 3000 mL/day |
| Anuria | means Absence of urine or minimal urine production |
| Dysuria | means painful or difficult urination |
| Renal Calculi | Are kidney stones that can occur anywhere in the renal system form the kidney to the urethra |
| urine that remains in the bladder after the person voids is known as | Residual Urine |
| Waking up at night to urinate is known as | Nocturia |
| Inability to control the passing of urine is known as | Incontinence |
| Dialysis is termed as | the process of using a machine to filter waste products, salt, and excess fluids from the body |
| the result of comparing the weight of a substance with an equal amount of water is known as | Specific Gravity |
| The inability to empty or completely empty the bladder is known as | Urinary Retention |
| Stress Incontinence is termed as | A leaking of urine caused by increased abdominal pressure related to a weak pelvic floor muscle |
| The inability to keep urine in the bladder long enough to get to the bathroom caused by bladder spasms and contractions is known as | Urge Incontinence or Overactive Bladder |
| A Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) test | measures a waste product normally eliminated from the body by the kidneys. Elevated levels may reflect infection or some degree of kidney impairment |
| What is a Indwelling catheter (Foley or double lumen catheter) | A tube that remains in the bladder for urination |
| What is a straight catheter | A single tube with holes at the end that used to empty the bladder of residual urine or to obtain a sterile urine specimen form the bladder |
| Used for urine to be eliminated by an alternate route rather than traveling through the bladder is known as a | Urinary Diversion |
| What is caused by the presence of pathogens within the urinary tract | Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) |
| You are assigned to care for a patient with an indwelling catheter. A 24-hour urine collection is ordered. How will you keep the urine form deteriorating and affecting the outcome of the test? | Keep the drainage bag in a basin containing ice. Empty the drainage bag every 8-hours into the 24-hour collection container, which you are keeping in a refrigerator |
| Number in order the path of urine through the urinary system: 1. Bladder 2. Urinary Meatus, 3. Kidney 4.. Urethra, 4. Ureter | 1. Kidney, 2. Ureter, 3. Bladder, 4. Urethra, 5. Urinary Meatus |
| Contraction of which muscle causes the bladder to empty? | Detrusor Muscle |
| You are delegating the task of monitoring the output of an elderly male patient at risk for oliguria. He has an indwelling catheter in place. Which is the most appropriate direction for you to give to an unlicensed assistant? | Check his output after 2-hours. If it is not above 60 mL, let me know immediately |
| Overflow incontinence is | when the bladder does not empty because of an obstruction |
| Functional Incontinence is | incontinence related to the inability to get to the bathroom |
| Loss or urine with no warning is known as | total incontinence |
| when the brain doesn't receive a message that the bladder is full is known as | Neuropathic Incontinence |
| Initiating Bladder Training | ensure adequate amount of fluids, avoid caffeinated beverages, drink more during the a.m. and less in the p.m., offer fluids throughout the day; avoid a large amount at one time; provide regular opportunities to toilet, mimic normal voiding patterns |
| Straight catheter (single lumen) | use for a one-time drainage or sterile specimen |
| Indwelling (double lumen or Foley) | used to drain urine for a specific amount of time |
| Suprapubic | when urethral approach not appropriate |
| three way (triple lumen or Alcock) | |
| Condom catheter | male urinary incontinence |
| Urea | results from amino acid metabolism |
| Uric acid | results form breakdown of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
| Creatine | The waste product of muscle metabolism |
| Normal characteristics of urine | straw colored, clear, 1000-3000 mL/day, mild; slightly aromatic; pH 4.5-8.0; specific gravity 1.001-1.029 |
| Normal Urine color | pale yellow-straw color |
| Types of Urinary Tract Infections | Cystitis: bladder infection Pyelonephritis: kidney infection |
| Symptoms of UTI | Dysuria, Urinary frequency, urgency, Nocturia, Low abdominal pain, incontinence, fever, chills, malaise, nausea, vomiting, flank, pain with pyelonephritis |
| UTI Treatments | increased fluid intake, antibiotics, urinary analgesics, cranberry juice, pyelonephritis: hospitalization if IV antibiotics are needed |
| Normal Clarity of urine | clear |
| Normal amount of urine | 1000-3000 mL/day |
| Normal odor of urine | mild; slightly aromatic |
| Normal pH of urine | 4.5-8 |
| Normal specific gravity of urine | 1.001-1.029 |
| Stress incontinence | from increase in abdominal pressure ; coughing, sneezing, laughing, lifting |
| What can cause stress incontinenece | vaginal births, previous pelvic surgery, hormone levels, genetics, and chronic medical conditions |
| When urine leaks out of the bladder as a result of increased abdominal pressure, it is referred to as | stress incontinence |
| what is known as overactive bladder, is the inability to keep urine in the bladder long enough to go to the restroom | Urge incontinence |
| What blood test measures a waste product normally eliminated form the body by the kidneys. elevated levels may reflect infection or some degree of kidney impairment | Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) |
| What tube remains in the bladder and is also known as a double lumen catheter or a Foley catheter | Indwelling catheter |
| What is a single tube with holes at the end that is used to empty the bladder of residual urine or to obtain a sterile specimen form the bladder | Straight catheter |
| What is used for urine to be eliminated by an alternate route rather than traveling through the bladder | Urinary diversion |
| What is caused by the presence of pathogens within the urinary tract | Urinary Tract Infection |
| Contraction of which muscle causes the bladder to empty | Detrusor |
| Which two test are most important in assessing kidney function | creatine and eGFR |
| Your patient has a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 45 ml/min over a 3 month period. what does this tell you about her kidney function | she has chronic kidney disease |
| you are teaching a home care patient about self catheterization. you know more teaching is needed when the patient states | I do not need gloves or any special precautions because I am in my own home. |
Created by:
Valadiece
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