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Sem B Unit 8
Physical Science 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| absorption | energy transfer to a medium |
| amplitude | the distance from the center line (or the still position) to the top of a crest or to the bottom of a trough |
| analog signals | information encoded as continuously varying quantities |
| analog system | electronic systems with a continuously variable signal |
| analog transmission | a transmission method of conveying information using a continuous signal which varies in amplitude, phase, or some other property in proportion to that information |
| antinode | a point on a standing wave of maximum amplitude |
| bandwidth | the capacity to send a certain amount of data through the internet in a certain amount of time |
| beat frequency | the absolute value of the difference between the frequencies of two waves |
| binary code | a coding system using the binary digits 0 and 1 to represent a letter, digit, or other character in a computer or other electronic device |
| binary signals | The simplest possible signal of any kind that can be employed to transmit messages distortion free |
| concave | curving inward so that the edges point toward the viewer |
| convex | curving outward with the edges pointing away from the viewer |
| crest | the point on a wave with the highest value above equilibrium |
| density | a substance’s mass divided by its volume |
| diffraction | the spreading of waves around obstacles |
| diffuse reflection | the scattering of light that happens when light reflects off a rough surface |
| digital data transmission | information delivered as a series of discrete quantities, represented as the digits 0 and 1 |
| digital information storage | saving data code as a series of discrete quantities, represented as the digits 0 and 1 |
| digital signals | information encoded as a series of discrete quantities, represented as the digits 0 and 1 |
| digital storage | information saved as a series of discrete quantities, represented as the digits 0 and 1 |
| digital systems | devices or processes in which information is encoded and delivered as a series of discrete quantities, represented as the digits 0 and 1 |
| digital transmission | the transfer of information encoded and delivered as a series of discrete quantities, represented as the digits 0 and 1 |
| Doppler effect | the effect during which the frequency of a wave changes when the source and observer are moving toward or away from each other |
| electrical impulses | sudden bursts of electric charge |
| electromagnetic wave | a wave, such as visible light or a radio wave, that transfers energy through electric and magnetic fields. This type of wave does not require a medium to propagate. |
| focal length | the distance between the center of a convex lens or mirror and the focal point of the lens or mirror |
| focal point | the point where parallel rays of radiation meet after being refracted or reflected |
| frequency | the number of wave crests that move past a fixed point in a given time period |
| harmonic | a whole number multiple of the natural frequency |
| incident ray | a ray of light that strikes a surface |
| interference | the combination of two traveling waves in the same material. |
| mechanical wave | a wave, such as a sound wave or water wave, that is an oscillation of matter. It transfers energy through a medium. |
| medium | a substance, such as air or water, through which one can transfer energy by waves |
| memory | the part of a computer in which data or program instructions can be stored for retrieval |
| multiplexing | combining multiple signals into one |
| node | a point on a standing wave of minimum or zero amplitude |
| noise immunity | not susceptible to interference |
| normal | a line perpendicular to the surface at a particular point |
| period | the time for one complete oscillation of a wave to pass a fixed point |
| principal axis | line passing through the center of the surface of a lens or spherical mirror |
| pulses | sudden bursts |
| reflection | bouncing off a surface |
| refraction | changing direction after passing from one medium to another |
| resonance | vibration of an object at the same natural frequency of a second object, causing the second object to vibrate at an increased amplitude |
| resonant frequency | the natural frequency at which an object or system vibrates in response to an external force |
| rigidity | the ability of a solid to withstand the application of outside force |
| sine waves | an s-shaped, smooth wave that oscillates above and below zero. |
| square wave | a periodic wave that varies abruptly in amplitude between two fixed values, spending equal times at each |
| standing wave | a wave superposition phenomenon in which peaks and troughs of contributing waves align and amplify the wave |
| superposition | when two or more waves occur in the same place and add together |
| transition point | the point where a wave characteristic changes, such as the boundary between two media |
| trough | the lowest part of the wave |
| wave | a disturbance in a medium that carries energy without a net movement of particles |
| wave crest | a point on a wave with the highest value above equilibrium |
| wave pulse | a special non-periodic waveform that typically has one major crest |
| wave speed | the speed of a wave crest |
| wave trough | a point on a wave with the lowest value below equilibrium |
| wavelength | the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves, such as two wave crests |
| waves | periodic disturbances that transfer energy |
Created by:
Kaplocher
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