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Ch 7 - Chemical Rxns
Ch 7 - Chemical Reactions
Term | Definition |
---|---|
chemical reaction | the transformation of one or more substance into different substances |
gas evolution reactions | reactions that occur in liquids and form a gas |
combustion reactions | emitting heat and forming one or more oxygen-containing compounds - redox reaction |
oxidation-reduction reaction | electrons are transferred from one substance to another - redox reactions - many involve the reaction of a substance with oxygen |
evidence of chemical reaction | 1. formation of a solid 2. formation of a gas 3. heat absorption or emission 4. light emission 5. color change |
aqueous solution | a homogenous mixture of a substance with water |
soluble | a compound the dissolves in a liquid |
insoluble | does not dissolve in a liquid |
precipitation reactions | reactions that form a solid |
precipitate | the solid formed upon mixing two aqueous solutions |
molecular equation | an equation showing the complete neutral formulas for every compound in the reaction |
complete ionic equation | show the reactants and products as they are actually present in solution |
spectator ions | the ions in solution that are unchanged on both sides of the equation |
net ionic equation | show only the species that actually participate in the reaction |
acid-base reactions | neutralization reaction - form water and an ionic compound called a salt |
oxidation | loss of electrons - LEO |
reduction | gain of electrons - GER |
Redox reactions are those in which: | 1. a substance reacts with elemental oxygen 2. a metal reacts with a nonmetal 3. more generally, one substance transfers electrons to another substance |
synthesis or combination reaction | simpler substances combine to form more complex substances; A + B --> AB |
decomposition reaction | a complex substance decomposes to form simpler substances AB --> A + B |
single-displacement reaction | one element displaces another in a compound A + BC --> AC + B |
double-replacement reaction | two elements or groups of elements in two different compounds exchange places to form two new compounds AB + CD --> AD + CB |