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0F-Geo History

0F-Geologic History of Earth

TermDefinition
4.6 billion years the theoretical age of planet Earth
absolute age the numeric age of an object or event, often stated in years before the present
absolute dating using a dating process, such as radiometric dating, to find the age of an object
bya billion years ago
catastrophe event causing great and often sudden damage that causes a change or disturbance in Earth's timeline
chronological order The arrangement of things in order that they occurred
emergence the process of coming into being, or becoming important
extinction The permanent disappearance of a species from Earth
fault a break in the body of a rock (or rocks) in which one side moves position
fossil the trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago
fossil record mineralized remains of organisms and the rock layers in which they are found
fossilization the process that preserves evidence of life in earth's rock record
geological time scale System of chronological measurements that relates stratigraphy (rock layers) to time
geology a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks
index fossil a fossil that is used to establish the age of a rock layer
marker event that ends/starts a time division (such as dinosaur extinction)
multicellular organism that is made up of several cells working together
mya million years ago
paleontology the scientific study of fossils
parent isotope an element that undergoes nuclear decay
period division of geologic history that spans no more than one hundred million years (3rd level)
petrification The formation of fossils as stone replaces decaying tissues
radiometric dating Technique used to determine how old a rock is by analyzing the amounts of a radioactive isotope and its decay products in the rock (usually Carbon-14)
relative age the age of an object in relation to the ages of other objects
rock strata Beds or layers of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout
sedimentary layers Layers of rock that are successively deposited on top of one another and are distinguishable from one another based on their mineral content
single celled organism that is made up of only one cell
subsidence the sudden sinking or gradual downward settling of the ground's surface with little or no horizontal motion
trace fossil A fossilized mark formed in sedimentary rock by the movement of an animal
unconformity a break in the geologic record created when rock layers are eroded or when sediment is not deposited for a long period of time
uplift the process by which the earth's surface slowly rises either due to increasing upward force applied from the side or below (tectonic plate movement), or decreasing downward force (weight) from above (glacier melting)
Popular Earth Science sets

 



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