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Solutions
NYS Chemistry Curriculum
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Solution | A homogeneous mixture containing two or more substances |
Solute | The substance that is being dissolved |
Solvent | The substance doing the dissolving |
Soluble | the substance CAN be dissolved in a particular solvent |
Insoluble | the substance CANNOT be dissolved in a particular solvent |
Miscible | Two liquids that are soluble in each other, and will mix homogeneously (become a solution) |
Imiscible | Two liquids that do not mix homogeneously (and cannot become a solution) |
Concentration | A measure of how much of a solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent or solution |
Saturated | Contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute for the given conditions |
Unsaturated | Contains less dissolved solute for the given conditions |
Supersaturated | Contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same conditions |
Electrolyte | a solution that contains ions and can conduct electricity |
Nonelectrolyte | a solution that does NOT conduct electricity (because it does not contain dissolved ions) |
concentrated | a vague term implying that it is a strong solution |
dilute | a vague term implying that a solution is watered down, or a low concentration |
(M) Molarity | concentration calculation where moles of solute is divided by Liters of solution |
% Mass or % Volume | concentration calculation that uses mass or volume. Divide amount of solute by amount of solution, then multiply by 100. |
(PPM) Parts per Million | concentration calculation used mainly in environmental applications. mass solute/mass solution x 1,000,000 |
Colligative properties | Ionic solutions alter properties such as the freezing point and boiling points of their solvents, by lowering vapor pressure. The more ions present, the great the effect. |
Boiling point elevation and Freezing point depression | A solution will freeze at a lower temp than its pure solvent, and boil and a higher boiling point than its pure solvent will. This is because dissolved ions get in the way and make it more difficult to water to do its thing! |