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Anticholinergics
Module 2 Drug Classifications
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the action of anticholinergic agents? | ◦ Used to block the effects of acetylcholine. Lyse, or block effects of the PNS; also called parasympatholytic agents |
| What are anticholinergic agents used for? | ◦ Decrease parasympathetic activities to allow the sympathetic system to become more dominant ◦ Decrease GI activity and secretions (treat ulcers and hyperactive bowel) ◦ Bronchodilation (treat COPD bronchospasm) ◦ Relax bladder (treat overactive blad |
| What does the SNS (sympathetic nervous system) do? | Fight or Flight. Pupils dilate (mydriasis). Dry mouth. Vasoconstriction occurs which increases HR and BP. Bronchodilation occurs resulting in a decrease of respiratory secretions. Decrease of peristalsis. Glucose is released and urination is blocked. |
| What drugs are anticholinergic agents? | Atropine Dicyclomine Glycopyrrolate Ipratropium Meclizine Oxybutynin chloride Scopolamine Tiotropium Tolterodine |
| What are the indications for anticholinergic agents? | ◦ Decrease secretions ◦ Decrease bronchospasm ◦ Restore cardiac rate and blood pressure ◦ Pylorospasm and hyperactive bowel ◦ Relax uterine hypertonicity ◦ Atropine- antidote to cholinergic crisis (overdose) |
| Which drug is an antidote for a cholinergic crisis (overdose)? | Atropine |
| What are the contraindications and cautions for anticholinergic agents? | Known allergy and any condition that could be exacerbated by blocking the PNS: glaucoma, stenosing peptic ulcer disease, prostatic hypertrophy, and bladder obstruction. Caution when breast feeding (slows lactation) and spasticity & brain damage. |
| What are the adverse effects for anticholinergic agents? | ◦Blurred vision ◦Mydriasis ◦Cycloplegia ◦Photophobia ◦Palpitations, tachycardia ◦Dry mouth, altered taste perception ◦Urinary hesitancy and retention ◦Constipation ◦Decreased sweating; predisposition to heat exhaustion |
| What are the drug-drug interactions for anticholinergic agents? | Any other drug with anticholinergic activity: Antihistamines, Antiparkinsonism drugs, MAOIs, and TCAs. Phenothiazines: decrease effectiveness of phenothiazines. Herbal therapies |
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jmajalca
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