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Vitamins
Module 4 Drug Classifications
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are water soluble vitamins? | Vitamin B complex & Vitamin C Readily excreted in urine and taken as needed |
| What are fat soluble vitamins? | Vitamins: D,A,E,K Stored in the liver and daily intake is unnecessary |
| What is the action for vitamins? | Act as coenzymes to activate a variety of proteins on enzymes that catalyze biochemical activity. They are needed in the body to carry out metabolic functions. |
| What are the indications for vitamins? | To treat vitamin deficiencies, as a dietary supplement, and a specific therapy r/t the activity of the vitamin. |
| What are the contraindications for vitamins? | Known allergy to the drug or colorants, additives, or preservatives. They are a Pregnancy Category C: used to maintain adequate vitamin levels during pregnancy & lactation. |
| What are the adverse effects for vitamins? | May cause GI upset |
| What are drug-drug interactions for vitamins? | Mineral oil, cholestyramine, or colestipol prevent the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins when given concurrently. |
| What are the indications for vitamin A? | Wound healing, deficiency, and malnutrition. |
| What are the signs of Vitamin A deficiencies? | Night blindness and other vision problems. Impaired skin integrity |
| What are the signs of hypervitaminosis A (vitamin A toxicity)? | Mouth ulcers, cracked fingernails, bone pain, loss of appetite, cracked corners of the mouth, blurry vision or other vision changes, and dizziness. |
| What are the indications for ascorbic acid aka vitamin C? | Deficiency: Scurvy is severe deficiency Enhances PO iron absorption Wound healing |
| What are the signs for ascorbic acid deficiencies (vitamin C)? | Gingivitis Hair & teeth loss Nose bleeds, easy bruising, & delayed healing |
| What are the adverse effects of vitamin C? | Kidney stones, increase in iron absorption which occurs w/mega doses. |
| What are three vitamin Ds? | Calcifediol, cholecalciferol, and ergocalciferol. |
| What are the signs of a Vitamin D deficiency? | Rickets: weakened bones in children Osteomalacia: weakened bones in adults Osteoporosis: brittle bones; increase risk for fractures Tetany: spasm of hands and feet & overactive reflexes |
| What are the signs & symptoms of Hypervitaminosis D (vitamin D toxicity)? | Fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, excessive thirst, excessive urination, dehydration, constipation, irritability, and nervousness. |
| What drug is a Vitamin B12? | Cyanocobalamin |
| What are the indications for Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)? | Pernicious anemia: unable to properly absorb vitamin B12 Deficiency & malnutrition ETOH aka alcoholism Malabsorption syndrome Vegan diet Prolonged use of PPIs & H2blockers (used to treat heartburn/acid reflux) |
| What are the signs/ symptoms of a Vitamin B12 deficiency? | Megablastic anemia (production of immature & abnormally large RBCs) Mucous membranes: cheilosis, glossitis, stomatitis (inflamed lips, tongue, & mouth) CNS: paresthesia (pins & needles), balance problems, memory loss, and thinking problems. |
| What are the indications for Vitamin E? | Wound healing and deficiency in mostly premature infants. Vitamin E levels may be low in metabolic syndrome |
| What are the signs & symptoms of Vitamin E toxicity? | Nausea, gastric distress, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, headache, fatigue, easy bruising, and bleeding Very rare |
| What are the indications for Niacin (Vitamin B-3)? | Pellegra often d/t malabsorption |
| What are the signs/symptoms of Niacin deficiency? | Cheilosis, glossitis, stomatitis (inflamed lips, tongue, and mouth) |
| What are the signs/symptoms of Niacin toxicity? | Flushing of skin ( take an aspirin prior to niacin to help), pruritus (itching of skin), and GI distress |
| What are the indications for phytonadione (Vitamin K)? | When an excessive amount of warfarin has been taken. Deficiency in vitamin K may occur d/t antibiotic therapy |
| When should you be cautious when administering Vitamin K? | When administering IV as it can result in death. |
| What are the signs/symptoms of Vitamin K toxicity? | Jaundice, hyperbilirubinemia, hemolytic anemia, and kernicterus in infants. |
| What are vitamin B-complex drugs? | Thiamine, Niacin, & Cyanocobalamin |
| What are the indications for thiamine ( Vitamin B-1)? | Beriberi is a thiamine deficiency Wernicke-Korskoff's (alcoholic) encephalopathy Peripheral neuritis ETOH= alcoholism Malabsorption syndrome Deficiency & malnutrition |
| What are the nursing implications for Vitamin A & Vitamin D? | Assess for toxicities |
| What are the nursing implications for Vitamin K? | Assess for clotting & bleeding |
| What are the nursing implications for Vitamin C? | Assess for renal calculi (kidney stones) w/ high doses |
| What are the nursing implications for Niacin? | Assess for skin effects such as flushing |
| What 3 vitamins help with wound healing? | Vitamins: A, C, E |
Created by:
jmajalca
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