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Chapter 6
Medieval times
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| when did the middle ages take place | AD500 to around 1500 |
| why is it called the middle ages | its the time period between the end of the roman empire(5th century) and the start of the renaissance(15th century) |
| how does the feudal system 'triangle' look like | king lords (vassals to king) knights(vassals to lords) peasants(serfs) |
| what did the king give to lords and lords to the king | the king gave Fief and peasants, the lords gave Loyalty and Military aid |
| what did the lords give to knights and knight to lords | lords gave food, protection and shelter, knights gave homage adn Military aid |
| what did the knights give peasants and [peasants knights | knights gave food, protection and shelter, peasants farmed the land and payed rent |
| what is feudalism | the system of land ownership where rulers(kings and lords) divided land among their followers in return for loyalty and taxes |
| what are vassals | followers |
| what is fief | land given to followers |
| what promises are you making when signing the oath of fealty | to fight for the king, provide him with troops, and pay him taxes |
| what were the two types of peasants | serf and freemen |
| Life in medieval countryside | Life in medieval countryside |
| give the definition of peasant | people who worked on a lords land |
| what were villages in the countryside called | manors |
| what was the house of a lord or knight called | manor house |
| who was a bailiff | the official on the manor who was in charge of collecting taxes and maintaining order when the lord was away |
| what was the open field system of farming | the system of farming where peasants were each given strips of land to farm in large fields |
| what was a fallow field | the one field left empty every year to let it regain its nutrients |
| what were the commons | a large field on the manor where the peasants' animals grazed |
| what was tithe | freemen had to pay one tenth of their income to the local priest |
| what could a freeman do and what did he have to do | freemen had to pay rent to the lord and pay tithe but did not have to work the land for free and could marry and leave the manor as they wished |
| what could a serf do and what did he have to do | serfs had to work six days a week, they could not leave the manor or marry without the lords permission, they had to pay taxes and tithe, they got a small plot of land to build a house and farm on |
| what a serfs house like | one room made with wattle and daub walls with an earthen floor and thatched roof |
| what did male serfs wear | tunics and leggings |
| what did female serfs wear | long dresses and a scarf |
| when was the serfs leisure time/day | Sunday/Saints' Day |
| what did they do during their leisure time | sing, dance, drink and play village games |
| Life in a medieval castle | Life in a medieval castle |
| why did lords and nobles live in castles | To protect themselves from attacks |
| what was a motte and bailey | a temporary castle |
| what was a motte | an artificial hill |
| what material were castle made from | Stone |
| explain what a siege was | An attacking army surrounding the castle and waiting for surrender |
| what was the Lady's main duty | to bear children as heirs |
| where did the family live | the keep |
| what did a lord like to do in his spare time | hunting, hawking |
| what did people use instead of plates | large pieces of hard bread called trenchers |
| Soldiers in the middle ages | Soldiers in the middle ages |
| what were three main types of soldiers | Foot Soldiers, Archers, Knights |
| what did the foot soldiers wear and fight with | they fought with swords, daggers, spears and had shields they wore leather padded jackets for protection |
| what did archers wear and fight with | Bow and arrow, sometimes longbow or crossbow Wore little protective clothing |
| what did knights wear and fight with, what did they swear? | Lances, swords, and maces wore full body armour, chainmail, a shield and a helmet they swore an oath of chivalry |
| name the stages of becoming a knight | Page, Squire, knight |
| give a description of the page stage | at 7 years old a boy would be sent to live with the family of another lord, also known as fostering. He would learn to ride a horse, use a sword, sing and dance. he was taught manners, helped the lady of the castle and served the lord and lady at table |
| give a description of the squire stage | aged 14, the boy began to learn to fight on horseback. He would accompany the lord into battle, look after his horse and weapons and helped the lord dress for battle and tournaments |
| give a description of the knight stage | aged 21, he could become a knight. he spent the night before the ceremony in prayer in the chapel. then dressed in a white robe and full body armour, he took part in the ceremony of dubbing. He swore an oath of chivalry |
| what promise is being made when swearing an oath of chivalry | to stay loyal to his lord, protect the poor and weak and be brave in battle |
| Curfew | a rule that required people in towns to put |
| Craftsman | Provided for the towns needs; butchers, bakers, blacksmiths, carpenters, masons |
| Apprentice | age 12; boy lived with master craftsman to learn trade and wasnt paid (basically a free servant) |
| Journeyman | age 19; now paid for work and could travel around for work and experience |
| Master craftsman | could open his own workshop, train apprentices and sell his work |
| masterpiece | a piece of work presented to the guild to judge if someone was good enough to become a master craftsman |
| Christendom | the Kingdom of Christ referring to Europe |
| Cathedrals | Large churches that were ran by Bishops |
| Romanesque | Round doorways, arches and windows. Small windows. Low ceilings. Large pillars. Weight of roof supported by walls and pillars |
| Gothic | Pointed doorways, arches and windows. Large windows. High ceilings. Narrow pillars. Roof supported by flying buttresses on outside |
| Convents | where women who wanted to be closer to god went - life dedicated to education and religion |
| Monasteries | where men who wanted to be closer to god went - life dedicated to education and religion |
| Dormitory | where monks slept |
| Refectory | where monks ate |
| Cloisters | covered walkways where monks prayed |
| Hostel | travellers or guests could stay here for a while |
| Infirmary | looked after the sick |
| Chapter House | where monks gathered for readings/meetings |
| Rule of St Benedict | the strict set of rules that monks lived by |
| Poverty | he could not own anything |
| Chastity | he could not get married |
| Obedience | he must do what the abbot told him |
| The Black Death | 1347 to 1350 - killed a third of Europe's population. Carried by fleas on rats from the Black Sea; resulted in oozing swelling of the body, darkly discoloured skin and filling of the lungs with phlegm |
| Bubonic plague | Extremely contagious disease which often killed the victim - very rare to survive |
Created by:
JMahango
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