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Higher Human 2.7

2.7- Pathology and cardiovascular disease

QuestionAnswer
Why is increasing physical activity a benefit to someone with High cholesterol? increases HDL levels
What medication can be given for high cholesterol? statins
What may form in arteries if cells have sufficient cholesterol and the synthesis of new LDL receptors is inhibited by a negative feedback system? atheroma's
What is the job of LDLs? transports cholesterol to the body cells
What is the job of HDLs? Transports excess cholesterol from body cells to the liver for elimination
What hormones is cholesterol used to make? Sex hormones- Testosterone, oestrogen + Progesterone
In what organelle would you find cholesterol? Cell membrane (plasma membrane)
People suffering from PVD often experience pain, why is this? Limited supply of oxygen
Where in the body is most effected by PVD? legs
What does PVD stand for? Peripheral vascular disease
What could a thrombosis in an artery in the brain may lead to? stroke
What are the stages of thrombosis? Endothelium damaged--> clotting factor released--> prothrombin becomes thrombin--> fibrinogen forms fibrin--> thrombus formed
What is it called when a thrombus breaks loose and travels through the blood stream? Embolus
The formation of a clot (thrombus) is referred to as? thrombosis
Thrombin causes molecules of the plasma protein fibrinogen to form threads of? Fibrin
If the endothelium is damaged clotting factors are released. These convert prothrombin into? thrombin
What is damaged when atheroma's burst? endothelium
What happens as the atheroma grows? artery thickens and loses its elasticity. The diameter of the lumen becomes reduced and blood flow becomes restricted resulting in increased blood pressure.
What do we call the accumulation of fatty material (consisting mainly of cholesterol, fibrous material and calcium) forming an atheroma or plaque beneath the endothelium? atherosclerosis
Created by: mackas89
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