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H Bio 6.1-6.2 Vocab
From the book "Biology" by Stephen Nowicki
Term | Definition |
---|---|
somatic cell | body cells, make up most of your body tissues and organs |
gamete | sex cells; eggs in the female and sperm in the male |
homologous chromosome | two chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father, that have the same length and general appearance |
autosome | chromosome pairs 1-22, contain genes not related to the sex of an organism |
sex chromosome | 23rd chromosome pair, determines the sex of the organism |
sexual reproduction | reproduction that involves the fusion of two gametes, resulting in offspring that is genetically unique |
fertilization | the fusion of the egg and sperm cells |
diploid | means the cell has two copies of each chromosome: one from the mother and one from the father |
haploid | means a cell only has one copy of each chromosome |
meiosis | the form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells |
gametogenesis | the production of gametes |
sperm | male gamete |
egg | female gamete |
polar body | produced by meiosis; cells with little more than DNA that eventually break down |