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Unit 1 Physiology
Unit 1 The Body as a Whole
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Many complex processes of the body are coordinated at many levels. These include: | Intracellular, intrinsic, and extrinsic |
| Which are basic components of every feedback control loop? | Sensor mech., integrating center, effector, and feedback |
| Because negative feedback control systems oppose changes that are opposite in direction to the initial disturbance, they are | slowed or maintained in the homeostatic range |
| Which level of control operates at the cell level, often using genes and enzymes to regulate cell function? | intracellular regulation |
| The normal reading or range is called the | set point |
| Processes for maintaining or restoring homeostasis are known as | homeostatic control mechanisms. |
| The relatively constant state maintained by the body is known as | homeostasis |
| What term describes a signal traveling toward a particular center or point of reference? | afferent |
| The impact of effector activity on sensors may be positive or negative. Therefore, homeostatic control mechanisms are categorized as | organs that are directly influenced by physiological variables or mechanisms. |
| Local control or _____, intrinsic mechanisms often make use of chemical signals. | autoregulation |
| To accomplish self-regulation, a highly complex and integrated communication control system or network is required. This type of network is called a(n) | feedback control loop |
| Extrinsic control usually involves which mode of regulation? | nervous & endocrine |
| Effectors can be described as | organs that directly influence controlled physiological variables. |
| Events that lead to an immune response to an infection or the formation of a blood clot are examples of | positive feedback |
| The body naturally changes some set points to different values at different times of the day. These daily cyles are called | circadian cycles |
| The concept that information may flow ahead to another process to trigger a change in anticipation of an event that will follow is called | feed-forward |
| Homeostasis can best be described as: | a state of relative constancy |
| Epidemiology is the study of the _____ of diseases in human populations. | occurrence, distribution, and transmission |
| Which of the following is a protein substance with no DNA or RNA and is thought to be the cause of mad cow disease? | prion |
| Intracellular parasites that consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes by a lipoprotein envelope are called: | viruses |
| Positive-feedback control systems: | accelerate a change |
| If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative-feedback control loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions? | Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions. |
| The body’s thermostat is located in the: | hypothalamus |
| Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis? | reproductive |
| Of the pathogenic organisms, which of the following are the most complex? | tapeworms |
| The term that literally means self-immunity is: | autoimmunity |
| Shivering to try to raise your body temperature back to normal would be an example of: | the body trying to maintain homeostasis and negative feedback mechanism |
| Negative-feedback control systems: | oppose a change. |
| What is autoregulation called? | intrinsic control |
| The contraction of the uterus during the birth of a baby is an example of _____ feedback. | positive |
Created by:
Felicia213
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