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China
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Achievements of Ancient China | *writing system *system of money (important for trade and taxes) *bronze weapons *silk *Great Wall *seismograph *standard weights and measures *roads *canals *Silk Road *kite |
Anyang | capital city near end of Shang Dynasty; closer to river |
Confucius | philosopher who taught about respect within family; wanted society to be just and good; believed it was necessary to be honest, work hard, and obey rules |
Dynasties of Ancient China | *Shang *Zhou *Qin *Han |
dynasty | line of rulers from the same family |
geography of China | river curved around mountains and desert land which created barriers that made trade and spreading of cultural difficult |
Government in Qin Dynasty | divided China into 36 provinces; allowed farmers to own land and collected taxes; Shihuangdi weakened noble power by taking weapons and making them move to capital city |
Great Wall of China | Shi Huangdi ordered border walls be built taller and longer for protection from invaders from the north. It was to be 25 feet high, 20 feet wide, and over 3,000 miles long. IMPORTANT for protection and still stands today |
Huang River | a river that cuts through the North China Plain also called Yellow River flooded to provide fertile soil |
Lady Fu Hao | wife of emperor who led an army; led troops to war and ruled her own town |
levees | built to hold back water from flooding the banks of the Huang River |
loess | yellow, dusty soil carried by wind; PRO: provided fertile soil but CON: carried away easily and clogged levees |
Mandate of Heaven | each emperor received right to rule from the gods because of their virutes/goodness |
oracle bones | used to predict the future used by diviner/oracle |
proverb | old saying that expresses a truth about life |
province | political division of land |
role of nobles of Shang Dynasty | oversaw construction of new towns and became rulers |
role of towns of Shang Dynasty | important centers of production; supplied food, clothing; people from town were part time soldiers |
seismograph | instrument used to measure and record details about earthquakes; still used today IMPORTANT because it helped Han rulers send relief to areas hit by earthquakes |
Shihuangdi | Qin general who declared himself First Emperor of China Harsh ruler Had a spectacular tomb built before he died that included terracotta soldiers to protect him |
Silk Road | trading route from China to Europe IMPORTANT for trade and spreading of culture |
social classes in Ancient China | organized like pyramid; top: king and family nobles soldiers, craftworkers farmers bottom: prisoners of war |
steppes | large area of grasslands; main form of agriculture: herded sheep and cattle on horseback |
written records | writing system made of characters/symbols; wrote on silk, bamboo, bronze pots, and stone. IMPORTANT for keeping records and taxes |
Wudi | strong leader during Han dynasty who set up the Grand School to educate people for government jobs |