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Chap 3

Week 2 Chemistry of Life

QuestionAnswer
Which of the following represents properties of water? High specific heat High heat of vaporization Strong polarity All of the above All of the above
Approximately what percentage of the body weight of an adult female is water? 50%
An isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ from other atoms of the same element. Neutrons
Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is: 2
The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of: one proton and two neutrons.
The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell? Four 4
A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons, _____ neutrons, and _____ electrons. 12; 13; 10
An ionic bond is formed by: a positive and a negative ion attracting each other.
When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share: electrons.
AB + CD → AD + CB is an example of a(n) _____ reaction exchange
The study of metabolism includes examination of: catabolism. anabolism. ATP requirements. All above All Above
Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element? Helium
An example of a catabolic process is: hydrolysis.
Acids: are proton donors. taste sour. release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution all of the above All of the above are true of acids.
An example of a catabolic process is: hydrolysis.
As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the: solution becomes more acidic.
A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n): Electron
Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body Zinc
In the presence of a base, red litmus paper will: Turn Blue
The approximate pH of gastric fluid is: 2
A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a(n) _____ solution. alkaline (basic)
Atomic mass is determined by the number of: protons and neutrons.
The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is(are): Water
The kind of element is determined by the number of: Protons
Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called: Bases
The study of metabolism includes examination of: catabolism. anabolism. ATP requirements. All of the Above All of the above
Which of the following bonds are the weakest? Hydrogen
The octet rule refers to the: stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level.
An example of an element would be: Ne
The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction. Decomposition
Which of the following represents a trace element in the body? Iron
The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a(n) _____ reaction. synthesis
The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: dehydration synthesis.
For sodium to transform from a neutral atom to a positive ion, it must: LOSE AN ELECTRON
What decomposition reaction requires the addition of a water molecule to break a bond? hydrolysis
As a result of which reaction during catabolism is a water molecule added to break a larger compound into smaller subunits? hydrolysis
Atoms with fewer than eight electrons in the outer energy level will attempt to lose, gain, or share electrons with other atoms to achieve stability. This tendency is called the octet rule.
Salts:can form as the result of a chemical reaction between acids and bases. are electrolytes. will form crystals if the water is removed. ALL OF THE ABOVE ALL OF THE ABOVE
As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, the pH goes _____, and the solution becomes more _____. down; acidic
A force holding two atoms together is a(n) CHEMICAL BOND
As the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) increases, the: solution becomes more basic. pH rises. SOLUTION BECOMES MORE BASIC & PH RISES= BOTH A & C
The water molecule has two distinct ends, each with a partial electrical charge. Because of this structure, water is said to be polar.
The most abundant element essential to life is CARBON
Which subatomic particles carry a charge? Protons and electrons
Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the: transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
Acids, bases, and salts belong to a large group of compounds called electrolytes.
An element that contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons is called a(n) ISOTOPE
The atomic number tells you the number of protons in the nucleus.
The type of chemical reaction most likely to require energy is a(n) _____ reaction. synthesis
Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are called: covalent.
An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains _____ electrons eight 8
Electrolytes are: called cations if they have a positive charge.
What term is used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in body cells? metabolism
Hydrolysis _____ a water molecule. breaks down compounds by adding
Acids release hydrogen ions.
Which type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of a complex substance into two or more simpler substances? decomposition reaction
A molecule that is polar: can form a hydrogen bond. has an unequal charge. can form a hydrogen bond. has an unequal charge. =is both A and C.
A substance that cannot be broken down or decomposed into two or more different substances is called a(n) ELEMENT
The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up which percentage of the human body? 96%
Which of the following is not a subatomic particle? RADON
Hydrogen bonds result from unequal charge distribution on a molecule. Such molecules are said to be polar.
The element oxygen has an atomic number of 8, which means it contains: eight protons.
The total number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of: protons in its nucleus.
A weak acid: dissociates very little in solution.
The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a: synthesis reaction.
A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer shells of two atoms is called a(n) _____ bond. covalent
Created by: Crystal C
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