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5th Grade Physics
Motion, forces, and energy
| Term/Question | Definition/Answer |
|---|---|
| Position | The location of an object, compared to other things |
| Motion | A change in position over time |
| What are the two parts of motion? | Distance and direction |
| Distance | Length between two places (Meters, kilometers, feet, miles) |
| Direction | Which way you go (North, south, east, west) |
| Frame of Reference | A place or group of objects from which you can measure a position or motion |
| T or F: Your frame of reference can move. | True |
| Speed | How fast an objects position changes over time |
| How can I calculate speed? | Distance traveled by time taken to travel |
| Why is speed calculated using average? | Because most things don't travel at the same speed all the time |
| Velocity | Description of speed and direction of moving object |
| Acceleration | Change in velocity of an object over time |
| If I am driving 50 MPH and slow down to 45 MPH, am I accelerating? | Yes |
| Force | Any push or pull on an object (Can put object into motion, accelerate, or change direction of object) |
| T or F: The size of force doesn't affect the amount of change in motion | False |
| Newton | Metric unit that measures force |
| Continuous Force | Force constantly applied to an object (Gravity) |
| Thrust | Strong push in the direction opposite of an object's weight (Rocket engine pushing rocket against gravity and into space) |
| Lift | Upward force created by air moving faster over the top rather than the bottom of the wing (Flight) |
| Momentary Force | Occurs when a moving object collides with another object and causes change in velocity (Softball hitting bat) |
| Friction | Force that opposes the motion of an object |
| Drag Force | Occurs when molecules from gas or fluid bump into moving objects and slow them down |
| Balanced Forces | When the total forces are equal in strength and opposite in direction |
| Unbalanced Forces | When total forces are unequal in strength or not opposite in direction |
| Newton's First Law | Intertia |
| Inertia | Tendency of object in motion to stay in motion or object at rest to stay at rest |
| T or F: An object in motion will stay in motion, even when acted upon by outside force | False |
| Newton's Second Law | Acceleration |
| What does acceleration depend on? | Object's mass and the net force applied |
| Second Law formula? | Acceleration = Force ÷ Mass |
| Momentum | Combined mass and speed of an object |
| T or F: Because of momentum, the heavier the bowling ball, the stronger the pins are hit | True |
| Conservation of Momentum | Total momentum does not change when objects collide |
| Newton's Third Law | Reaction Force |
| Reaction Force | The fact that for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force |
| Law of Universal Gravitation | Gravity occurs everywhere, not just on Earth |
| Weightlessness | State of being without DETECTABLE weight |
| T or F: When you are "weightless," gravity is not pulling on you | False, you are falling at the same rate of gravity's pull. You still have gravity |
| Work | The measurement of energy used to perform a task |
| What happens when work is applied on an object? | Its energy levels change |
| Positive Force | Force and distance in the same direction |
| Negative Work | Force and distance in opposite directions |
| Is lifting something Positive or Negative Work? | Positive Work: Positive brings you UP, Negativity brings you DOWN |
| How do you measure Work? | Units of force times units of distance |
| Newton-meters, AKA..... | Joules |
| Why is just holding something not “work?” | Because force must be applied over a distance to be “work” |
| Energy | The ability to perform work or change an object |
| How is energy measured? | The same as work, in Joules |
| Potential Energy | Energy stored in the position of an object (Has the POTENTIAL to move) |
| Kinetic Energy | The energy of a moving object |
| Periodic Motion | Back and forth from potential to kinetic |
| Do you add energy when you do positive work? | Yes (Increase velocity and kinetic energy) |
| When you lift something, what are you doing? | You increase distance gravity and add to its potential energy. |
| Nuclear Energy | Potential energy between the links of protons and neutrons of an atom |
| Three examples of kinetic energy | Heat, electricity, sound |
| What do all forms of energy have in common? | They can perform work |
| Law of Conservation of Energy | The theory that energy can’t be created or destroyed, just change form |
| What can kinetic energy be changed to? | Heat energy through friction |
Created by:
KayRed24
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