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History Test UNIT 3
Notecards for UNIT 3 History Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 criteria to make something a revolution? | 1. Someone has to be upset with the status quo. 2. People present a plan that seems better than a status quo. 3. You put the plan into action and see change (It can be for a short period of time). IF ALL 3 CRITERIA ARE NOT MET, IT IS ONLY A REBELLION |
| What is a revolution? | A revolution is a forcible overthrow of a government or a social order in favor of a NEW SYSTEM. Connections: Rebellion, Revolution, Insurrection, Mutiny, Uprising, Riot, Insurgence, Coup, Overthrow, etc... |
| What is a tragic necessity? | A tragic necessity is a tragic event needed for a necessary change to the status quo. It could be for a greater good, but it will have a negative consequence. It is connected to historical perspective. |
| What is a watershed moment? | A watershed moment is a turning point where significant change happens. The Jacobins find out that King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette fled the throne of France and the Jacobins making France a Republic and start ruling France. |
| What is the National Assembly? | The National Assembly is the third estate of France after they broke up from the other 2 estates. |
| What are 3 Estates? | 1. Clergy-Church officials 2. Nobility-Lords and Ladies 3. Everyone else(commoners and peasants), made up 98% of the people |
| Who was King Louis XVI? | One king of the French Empire. He was guillotined by the Jacobins. He and Marie Antoinette fled from the throne of France because the revolutionaries(the third estate) were trying to attack and overthrow them. |
| Who was Marie Antoinette? | She was the wife of King Louis XVI and was also guillotined by the Jacobins. |
| Who were the Jacobins? | The Jacobins were the people who said that France should be a Republic when King Louis XVI left the throne of France. They were extremists or radical revolutionists. If someone opposed the Jacobins' ideas or was a danger to them, they would be killed. |
| What was the Renaissance? | The renaissance was when the people of France wanted to bring back the teachings of the great Greek and Roman empires. |
| What is Humanism? | Humanism is when the French thought that humans had more importance on Earth than just going to heaven. Because of this, more people got educated. |
| What is Classical Scholarship? | Classical Scholarship is the study of the classical world(the everyday life) of Ancient Greek and Ancient Rome. Ex: In the U.S., everyday adults go to work and get paid and children go to school and get educated. |
| What is Secularism? | Secularism is the view that religion should not be the center of human affairs. |
| What is Individualism? | Individualism is the fact that the individual is more important than the larger community. |
| What is Christian Humanism? | Christian Humanism is that a good Christian should focus their lives on love, peace, and simplicity. |
| Who was Leonardo da Vinci? | Leonardo da Vinci=one of greatest Renaissance artists. Was the original Renaissance man(person that has a variety of talents). He excelled in engineering, architecture, and music. He was very interested in anatomy and dissected horses and human cadavers. |
| Who was Martin Luther? | Was a Catholic Priest. Was against churches because they were going against the Bible. Nailed 95 arguments to door of church. Translated Bible into German for commoners to see. Was excommunicated, but ideas traveled around world because of printing press. |
| What were the 95 theses? | They were the complaints that Martin Luther had against the church, that he nailed against the wall, because they were contradicting the Bible. |
| What was the Catholic Reformation? | Same thing as counter reformation. When the leaders made changes within the Catholic Church to stop the spread of Protestantism, which was sometimes done peacefully and sometimes done violently. |
| What was indulgence? | Indulgence=tickets to heaven to "get rid" of your sins so that the time to get to heaven from the time you die was shortened. Bad thing was you could buy an indulgence before you sinned so that you would be clear of your sins if you died doing that sin. |
| What is the Scientific Revolution? | Series of events that led to modern science. There were many major astronomical, physical, and biological discoveries that would lead to our understanding of the world today. Scientific method was created. Lasted from 1543-1687. |
| What is the Scientific Method? | Method used to conduct orderly & reasonable experiments. Made by Francis Bacon & Rene Descartes. Includes 7 steps. |
| Who was Ptolemy? | Wrote about astronomy and geography in ancient times. Came up with theory: Earth was center of universe(geocentric theory). Catholic Church agreed because their belief was that God made humans center of everything & so Earth had to be center of universe. |
| Who was Nicolaus Copernicus? | Polish Astronomer. Sparked beginning of Scientific Revolution by publishing book in 1543. Said that it was the exact opposite of Ptolemy's theory. Copernicus's theory became stepping stone to modern science. |
| Who was Galileo Galilei? | Italian scientist that proved Copernicus' theory. Was first person to study sky with telescope, and see craters and mountains on moon. Used experiments a lot because he wanted to prove his theories through experiments rather than just making observations. |
| Who was Isaac Newton (Sir Isaac Newton)? | English scientist. Peak of scientific revolution=when he published book in 1687 called "Principia Mathematica." Historians and scientists believe him to be one of greatest scientists ever. His theories were proven so many times that they became laws. |
| Who was Maximilian Robespierre? | Many of killings made by Jacobins were carried out under orders from Robespierre. French lawyer and politician. One of most influential figures of French Rev. Chosen to give speech to King Louis XVI at 17. Urged overthrow of monarchy. |
| What was the Reign of Terror? | Was made by Jacobins. Definition: Anyone that was against the Jacobins or was thought as an enemy of the Jacobins was killed. |
| Who was Napoleon Bonaparte? | New leader of France(military leader). French Revolution ended when he came to power. |
| What was the Industrial Revolution? | The industrial revolution was when machinery was made so that people could get from one place to another and do things faster in the 1700’s. People used lots of coal specifically. Many steam powered machines were invented. One example is the steam engine. |
| What was Child Labor like in Great Britain? | Children were the first people to get a job sometimes. Children in factories worked for 10-14 hours a day nonstop. They could lose a hand and get spinal issues. They were paid 60 cents in factories. Were illiterate. Were not looked after or cared for. |
| Who was Mohamad Bouazizi? | He put himself on fire outside of a government building because the gov. took his fruit stand because he did not have a licence, instead of letting him pay a fine. |
| What was the Arab Spring? | After Mohamad Bouazizi died, it sparked a protest against the government by the Tunisian people because the government was corrupt. This was called the Arab Spring. It started in 2011 in Tunisia and spread to many different countries in just 1 year. |
| What is a refugee and how does it connect to the Arab Spring? | A person who flees a country because of a danger, such as war. It connects to the Arab Spring because the government officials of many countries fled because the people of the country were protesting against them. |
Created by:
tejas123
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