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Atmosphere 1

Heat Transfer, Layers of Atmosphere, Formation

QuestionAnswer
Conduction Direct Contact. When two objects come into contact with each other, heat energy moves between them because the particles in one object collide with, the particles in the other object. Ex: Air close to the Earths surface gets heated by conduction.
Convection When particles are heated, they move faster, expand, become less dense, and the particles rise. As the liquid or gas cools, the particles move slower, contract, become denser, and the particles sink. Ex: Heats the Earth's Atmosphere
Radiation From wavelengths (ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and microwaves). Ex: Heats the surface (ground)
Temperature A measure of the average kinetic energy (motion) of individual molecules in matter – how rapidly or slowly they move around.
Heat Is the energy transferred from one object to another because of a difference in their temperatures.
Troposphere Layer closest to the ground • Heated by the Earth’s surface. Temperature decreases as altitude increases. • Weather occurs here, life, air travel. • Contains almost all of the water vapor in Earth’s atmosphere.
Stratosphere Ozone layer found here. Some air travel. • Ozone - Gas made of 3 oxygen atoms (O3) (We breathe O2) • Absorbs 99% of the sun’s harmful UVB rays • Temperature increase as altitude increases.
Mesosphere Meteors burn up here • Temperatures decrease as altitude increases. Coldest layer.
Thermosphere Space shuttle orbits here • Temperatures increase as altitude increases. This is the warmest layer – but feels cold because molecules are so far apart.
Layers of atmosphere Determined by temperature differences
First (earliest) atmosphere Hydrogen and Helium probably dominated the Earth’s earliest atmosphere.
Early atmosphere (part 1) Contained little oxygen and more carbon dioxide than the modern atmosphere. Through outgassing, volcanoes vent water vapor (H20), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO).
Early atmosphere (part 2) This atmosphere was then modified by early photosynthetic life - Cyanobacteria. Consumed carbon dioxide to create oxygen.
Cyanobacteria Affected the development of life on Earth in two very important ways: Changed the composition of the atmosphere and thus made life possible for oxygen-breathing animals. Produced enough oxygen to create ozone for the ozone layer.
Current Atmosphere Contains 21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, and 1% other gases.
CFCs – chlorofluorocarbons Man made chemicals that have decreased the ozone concentration in the upper atmosphere. (destroys the ozone)
Greenhouse gases Absorb and maintain heat. ex: Carbon dioxide, Ozone, Water, and Methane
Created by: jadams2021
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