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week 12

Alterations of Electrolyte Balance

QuestionAnswer
Hyponatremia is a condition with a serum sodium concentration below the normal range of less than ______ mEq/L. 135 mEq/L
Hypernatremia is a condition with a serum sodium concentration above the normal range of _____ mEq/L. 145 mEq/L
Which data should the nurse identify as placing a patient at risk for hypovolemic hyponatremia? Profuse diaphoresis
Which are the causes of water depletion hypernatremia? - Dehydration - Hyperthermia - Emesis - Diarrhea
A serum potassium concentration of less than _______ mEq/L is considered to be hypokalemia. 3.5 mEq/L
A serum potassium concentration above ______ mEq/L is considered hyperkalemia. 5.0 mEq/L
Which are the causes of hypokalemia? - Laxative abuse - Anorexia - Emesis - Chemotherapeutic agents
Which drug classification should the nurse identify as a cause of hyperkalemia? ACE inhibitors
A serum calcium concentration less than _______ mg/dL is referred to as hypocalcemia. 9.0 mg/dL
A serum calcium concentration greater than _______ mg/dL is known as hypercalcemia. 10.5 mg/dL
Which is the most common cause of hypercalcemia? Hyperparathyroidism
Which items found during the review of a medical history should the nurse identify as risk factors for hypocalcemia? - Inadequate dietary intake - Hypomagnesemia - Hypoparathyroidism
Hypomagnesemia occurs when the serum magnesium concentration is below _____ mEq/L. 1.3 mEq/L
Hypermagnesemia occurs when the serum magnesium concentration is greater than _____ mEq/L. 2.1 mEq/L
When conducting patient education related to the causes of hypermagnesemia, which cause should the nurse include in the teaching session? Renal failure
Which are the potential causes of hypomagnesemia? - Loop and thiazide diuretics usage - Crohn’s disease - Alcohol abuse
Hypophosphatemia occurs when the serum phosphate concentration is below ______ mEq/L. 1.7 mEq/L
When the serum phosphate concentration increases above _______ mEq/L, it causes hyperphosphatemia. 2.6 mEq/L
Which should the nurse include in a patient-teaching session as the most common cause for hyperphosphatemia? Poor kidney function
Which are the potential causes of phosphate moving from the extracellular to the intracellular space, resulting in hypophosphatemia? - Respiratory alkalosis - Hyperglycemia
Which serum sodium concentration should the nurse identify as hyponatremia? 130 mEq/L
Which serum sodium concentration should the nurse identify as hypernatremia? 150 mEq/L
Which factors should the nurse identify as increasing a patient’s risk for hypovolemic hyponatremia? - Diuretics - Emesis - Diarrhea
Which disease process should the nurse identify as the cause of the patient’s serum potassium concentration of 5.3 mEq/L? Severe infections
Which medical order should the nurse question for a patient experiencing hypokalemia? Loop diuretic prescription
Which serum potassium concentrations would the nurse identify as hyperkalemia in the patient’s medical record? 5.1 mEq/L 5.5 mEq/L
Which nursing statement is accurate when providing education to a post-menopausal patient who is at risk for hypercalcemia? “It is important for us to monitor your serum parathyroid levels.”
Which serum calcium concentrations should the nurse identify as abnormal? 7.9 mg/dL 8.4 mg/dL 10.6 mg/dL
Which should the nurse identify as a primary cause of hypocalcemia? Protein depletion
The nurse is providing care to a patient who is diagnosed with hypomagnesemia. Which cause for this condition should the nurse include in the patient teaching? Loop diuretics
Which finding in the patient’s medical history necessitates the nurse to provide education related to hypermagnesemia? Leukemia
A patient is diagnosed with hypermagnesemia related to an increased intake of magnesium. Which topic should the nurse include when providing patient education regarding the cause of the condition? - Antacid use - Magnesium-containing laxatives
When conducting patient education related to the causes of hypermagnesemia, which cause should the nurse include in the teaching session? Renal Failiure
A patient is diagnosed with hypophosphatemia caused by an increased excretion of phosphate. Which probable cause for this condition should the nurse include in the teaching session with the patient? Diabetic ketoacidosis
A patient is diagnosed with drug-related hyperphosphatemia. Which type of drug should the nurse include in the teaching session as the cause of the current diagnosis? Cathartics
Which causes, related to poor intake of phosphate, should the nurse include in a teaching session for a patient who is diagnosed with hypophosphatemia? - Phosphate-binding antacids - Alcoholism - Malabsorption syndrome
Which should the nurse include in a patient-teaching session as the most common cause for hyperphosphatemia? Poor kidney function
Created by: Brandi Sizemore
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