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Matter Unit 22-23

TermDefinition
matter anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)
atoms building blocks of matter
properties characteristics used to describe an object
states or phases of matter the physical forms of matter, which include solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein Condensates
standard unit a unit of measure that people agree to use. We use the metric system in science.
mass the amount of matter (atoms) in an object
standard units for mass grams (g)
tools to measure mass pan/bucket balance, triple beam balance, electronic balance
weight a measure of the force of gravity on an object
standard units for weight Newtons (N)
tools to measure weight scale or spring scale
volume the amount of space an object takes up
standard units for volume cm^3 for solids and mL for liquids
tools to measure volume graduated cylinder for liquids and irregular shaped solids and a ruler for regular shaped solids
density Mass per unit volume or how tightly packed the atoms are in an object or substance
Units for density g/mL or g/cm^3
Density triangle Cover up the variable you want to solve for D = M/V M= D x V V = M/D
thermal energy heat energy
temperature A measure of the average energy of motion of the particles (atoms) of a substance. The faster they move, the higher the temperature!
melting solid to liquid
freezing liquid to solid
evaporation liquid to gas
condensation gas to liquid
sublimation solid to gas
deposition gas to solid
element A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
proton Positively charged particles found in the nucleus
neutron Particles in the nucleus of the atom with no charge (neutral)
electron a negatively charged subatomic particle located outside the nucleus
nucleus The center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons
Periodic Table of Elements A table that classifies elements by their physical and chemical properties; rows are called periods; columns are called groups
atomic number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (also the number of electrons when the atom is neutral)
atomic mass the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
element symbol the abbreviation of an elements name; 1 or 2 letters, first letter is always capitalized, second is never capitalized
molecule two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. They can be the same type of atom or different.
compound A substance made up of atoms of two or more DIFFERENT elements joined by CHEMICAL bonds
pure substance A sample of matter, either an element or a compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties.
mixture Elements or compounds that are physically combined.
homogeneous mixture A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture
heterogeneous mixture A mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily. You can see the different parts.
solution A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another. This is an example of a homogeneous mixture.
solvent The substance in which the solute dissolves into. The larger amount.
solute A substance that is dissolved in a solution. The smaller amount.
physical properties Characteristics that can be observed with your 5 senses without changing the identity or chemical structure of the substance
chemical properties Characteristics of a substance that determine how it will react with other substances.
physical changes a type of change that alters the physical properties of a substance but does not change its composition (chemical formula)
chemical changes A change in which one or more substances combine or break apart to form new substances. The bonds of the atoms are being broken and/or new bonds are being formed.
Created by: kdidonna
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