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The skeletal system
bones and joints
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the strong framework on which the body is constructed | The skeleton |
| Much like the frame of a building, the skeleton must be strong enough to | support and protect all the body structures |
| bones work with muscles to produce | `movement at the joints |
| what are the functions of the bones | 1. form a sturdy framework for the entire body 2. protect delicate structures, such as the brain and the spinal cord 3. work as levers with attached muscles to produce movement 4. store calcium salts, which may be resorbed into the blood if calcium is |
| the complete body framework of the body is known as | skeleton |
| how many bones does the skeleton consist of | 206 |
| shapes of the bones | flat- ribs, cranium short- carpal, wrists tarsals- ankles or irregular- vertebrae, facial bones |
| what is the most familiar shape of bone which makes up most of the skeleton of the arms and legs | long bone |
| the long narrow shaft of the long bone is | diaphysis |
| at the center of the diaphysis is the ____ cavity that contains bone marrow | medullary |
| long bones have two irregular ends | proximal which is closer and distal that is furthest |
| also known as osseous tissue | bone tissue |
| bones are organs with their own system of | blood, vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves |
| the bulk end of each bone is composed of bone tissue also known as ____, the hardest form of connective tissue. | osseous |
| what makes up the shaft of the long bone and outer layer of other bones | compact bone- hard and dense |
| cells are located in rings of bone tissue around a ___ canal which contains nerves and blood vessels | central haversion |
| each ring like unit makes up a haversian system also know as an | osteon |
| has more spaces than compact bone | spongy or cancellous bone |
| the cancellous bone is make of of meshwork of small, bony plates filled with | red marrow |
| red marrow is found where | at the epiphyses (ends) of the long bones and at the center of other bones |
| what manufactures blood cells | red marrow |
| found mainly in the central cavities of the long bones | yellow marrow |
| yellow marrow is made mainly of fat, the fat feeds the bone which helps | repair itself |
| Perforating canals | house blood vessels and nerves |
| perforating canals are aka | volkmann |
| perforating canals form __ across the bone from one side of the shaft to the other | channels |
| bones are covered except at the joint region by a membrane called | the periosteum |
| the periosteum is composed of | dense irregular connective tissue |
| play a role in the nourishment of bone tissue | blood vessels and lymphatic vessels |
| the periosteum contain __ fibers | nerve |
| is the thinner membrane that lines the marrow cavity of a bone | endosteum |
| endosteum aids also in | repair and growth of bone tissue |
| is initially composed mainly of cartilage | embryonic skeleton |
| process of conversion from cartilage to bone 2nd-3rd month of embryonic life | ossification |
| bone building cells manufacture matrix which contains the collagen that gives strength and resilience to the tissue "blasts build" | osteoblasts |
| are mature osteoblasts that become trapped in the bone matrix. they maintain bone tissue | ostecytes |
| are large, multinucleated cells are responsible for the process of resorption | osteoclasts |
| what is the breakdown of the bone of bone tissue | resorption |
| osteoclasts develop from a type of | WBC-monocyte |
| is necessary for remodeling and repair of bone | resorption |
| is also resorbed when its store materials are needed by the body | bone tissue |
| promotes the absorption of calcium from the intestine | vitamin d |
| promotes uptake of calcium by bone tissue | calcitonin from the thyroid gland |
| pth | causes bone resorption and release of calcium into the blood |
| when does transformation begins | at the center of the shaft during fetal developement |
| epiphyseal plates | secondary bone forming centers that develop across the ends of the bones around birth... growth plate |
| when do bones stop growing | by late teens |
| in the early 20s the epiphysial plate | hardens |
| resorption continues throughout life b/c bones are subject to | wear and tear |
| small children bones are more | pliable |
| small children bones contain more | cartilage and are undergoing active bone formation |
| slowing of process that continually renew bone tissue | elderly people |
| in the elders bone are | weaker and more fragile |
| in the elders bones have a decrease ability to from the ___ framework where calcium deposits are deposited | protein |
| in the elders fractures | heal more slowly |
| bone markings | raised areas or depressions that help form joints or serve as points for muscle attachments and holes that allow passage of nerves and blood vessels |
| rounded, knob-like end separated from the rest of the bone by a slender neck region | head |
| large projection of a bone | process |
| rounded projection, small projection about a condyle, is an epicondyle | condyle |
| distinct border or ridge, often rough | crest |
| sharp projection from the surface of a bone. example scapula | spine |
| hole that allows a vessel or nerve to pass through or b/t bones | foramen |
| air space found in the skull | sinus |
| depression on a bond surface. example pleural fossae | fossa |
| short channel or passageway | meatus |
| consists of 80 bones head to toe | axial |
| consists of 126 bones for extremities limbs and for the shoulders and hips | appendicular |
| is a rounded chamber that encloses the brain, is composed of 8 distinct bones | cranium |
| forms the forehead, the anterior of the skull's roof, and the roof of the eye orbit. | frontal bones |
| 2 form most of the top and side walls of the cranium | parietal bones |
| from part of the sides and some of the base of the skull | temporal bones |
| what does the temporal contain | mastoid sinuses, as well as the ear canal, eardrum, and the entire middle ear and internal portions of the ear, and mastoid air cells and serves as a place for muscles to attach |
| is a light, fragile bone b/t the eyes that form the medial wall of the eye orbit, part of the cranial floor, and most of the nasal cavity roof-paranasal sinuses, midline partition of the nose | ethmoid bone |
| lies at the base of the skull anterior to the temporal bones and forms part of the eye socket, it contains saddle like depression, the sella turcicia, that hold and protects the pituitary gland | sphenoid bone |
| forms the posterior and part of the base of the skull | occipital bone |
| large opening through which the spinal cord communicates with the brain | foramen magnum |
| flat, immovable joint uniting the skull bones | sutures |
| joints frontal bone with 2 parietal bones along the coronal plane | coronal |
| joins temporal bones with parietal bones on the lateral surface of the cranium | squamous |
| joins the occipital bone parietal bones in post cranium | lambdoid |
| joins 2 parietal bones along the superior midline of the cranium along the sagittal plane | sagittal |
| made of 14 bones | facial bones |
| lower jaw bone is the only movable part of the skull | mandible |
| fuse in the midline to form the upper jaw bone. roof of the mouth, contains an air space called the maxillary sinus which communicates with the nasal cavity | maxillae |
| one on each side of the prominences of the cheeks | zygomatic |
| lie side by side, forming the bridge of the nose | nasal bones |
| about fingernail sized, lie near the inside corner of the eye, in the front part of the medial wall of the orbital cavity | lacrimal |
| blade shaped, forms the lower part of the nasal septum | vomer |
| from the back of the hard palate | palatine bones |
| horizontally along the lateral walls of the nasal cavities. the paired superior and middle conchae are part of the ethmoid bone | inferior nasa conchae |
| three tiny bones in each middle ear are called | ossicles and hyoid bone |
| u-shaped bone located just below the __, to which the tongue and other muscles are attached | skull |
| soft spots are called | fontanels |
| is the largest and most recognizable, near the front of the skull and closes at approx 18 months | anterior fontanels |
| bones of the trunk include the spine and bones of the chest | framework of the trunk |
| bony sheath for the spinal cord made of irregularly shaped bones, there are 33-34 in a child, b/c of fusions, there are about 26 in the adult | vertebral column |
| how many regions of the vertebral column | 5 |
| are located in the neck | cervical vertebrae #7 c1-c7 |
| the second is the axis that serves as a pivot for | head turning |
| with the dens tooth like projection for the | pivot point |
Created by:
anniewalley
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