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Chemistry Part 2

QuestionAnswer
What is an enzyme? Proteins that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up
True or False: Passive transport is the movement of substances through the cell membrane WITHOUT using energy. True
What is diffusion? the movement of molecules (other than water) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration IN ORDER TO REACH equilibrium.
What is an example of diffusion? oxygen molecules leave blood cells to enter cells that need oxygen
What is osmosis? movement of WATER from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across a cell membrane
What is an Isotonic Solution? Water enters and leaves at the same rate because water concentration is equal inside and outside of the cell
True or False: The cell is stable and in equilibrium during isotonic solutions. True
What is a Hypertonic Solution? A cell that has greater concentration of of water INSIDE the cell so more water leaves the cell to try to reach equilibrium
What is a Hypotonic Solution? A cell that has greater concentration of of water OUTSIDE the cell so more water enters the cell to try to reach equilibrium
True or False: Active transport requires energy to move molecules across the cell membrane. True
When is active transport needed? It is needed to move from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration. It is also needed to move molecules that are too large and cannot use transport molecules.
What is endocytosis? When part of the cell membrane forms a vesicle around the particle (s) and brings it into the cell - ENDO = ENTER
What is exocytosis? a vesicle filled with particle (s) moves to cell membrane, fuses with it and releases contents to the outside. EXO = EXIT
What is metabolism? the chemical reactions in the body's cells that change food into energy
What is substrate? the molecule that an enzyme attaches to and is changed into 2 new substances
What is photosynthesis? Light energy is converted into chemical energy by producers; uses enzymes
What is a producer? Give an example. A producer is an organism that can make their own food. An example is a plant.
What is chlorophyll used for? Plants use it to absorb sunlight.
What is cellular respiration? chemical reactions that break down glucose into simpler substances and release stored energy - starts in the cytoplasm and then moves into the mitochondria
True or False: Cellular respiration uses oxygen. True
What is fermentation? breakdown of glucose begins in cytoplasm and does not move into mitochondria
True or False: Fermentation occurs when oxygen is present. False - oxygen is not present for fermentation - it IS present for cellular respiration
What releases more energy? Fermentation or Cellular Respiration? Cellular Respiration
True or False: Photosynthesis and cellular respiration work together. True - substances produced in one process are needed for the other process
What is lactic acid? It is the waste product of fermentation - it is formed in muscle cells after exercise
What is formed when yeast breaks down glucose? Alcohol and carbon dioxide
What does this equation depict? 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy - - > C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carb D. water yields glucose oxygen Photosynthesis - it yields glucose and oxygen
What does this equation depict? C6H12O6 + 6O2 - - > 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy Glucose oxygen yields carb. D water Respiration - it yields carbon dioxide, water and energy
What is the relationship between chloroplasts and glucose? Chloroplasts make the glucose and mitochondria break it down for energy. Plants have both. Animals only mitochondria.
What is a suspension? a mixture in which substances separate over time/fall to the bottom
What is a solution? two or more substances are evenly mixed together
What is the difference between lipids and proteins? Lipids make up fats and oils. They DO NOT mix with water.
True or False: Cells get more energy from carbohydrates than lipids. True - Although carbs do not have as much energy stored in their bonds as lipids, the bonds are weaker and easier to break down thus the cell gets energy faster
Created by: lmiller1319
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