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Histology

Tissue Types

CellDescriptionFunctionLocationMore
simple squamous epithelium single layer of flattened cells with disc shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm, simplest epithelia allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration, secretes lubricating substances in serosae kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of the heart, blood and lymphatic vessels, lining of ventral body cavity permeable, endothelium friction reducing in lymphatic and cardiovascular vessels, mesothelium found in serous membranes lining ventral body cavity
simple cuboidal epithelium single layer of cube like cells with large, spherical central nuclei secretion and absorption kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface tall as they are wide
simple columnar epithelium single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei, some with cilia, goblet cells absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes, ciliary action nonciliated in digestive tract, gallbladder, ciliated lines small bronchi, uterine tubes cilia help move substances or cells through an internal passageway
stratified squamous epithelium thick membrane with several layers, basal cells are cuboidal and mitotic, surface is squamous and keratinized protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion nonkeratinized lines esophagus, mouth, and vagina, keratinized forms epidermis protective barrier against abrasion, chemical exposure, and friction
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium single layer of cells of differing heights, may contain mucus secreting (goblet cells)cells and bear cilia secretion, particularly of mucus, propulsion of mucus by ciliary action nonciliated type in sperm carrying ducts, ciliated in trachea, most of upper respiratory tract not stratified
transitional epithelium resembles both stratified and squamous and stratified cuboidal stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ lines ureters, urinary bladder and part of urethra lines organs that must stretch and shrink
fibroblasts stationary cells secrete proteins that join other molecules in the matrix to form collagen and elastic fibers
macrophages phagocytic patrol the tissues, ingesting microbes and dead cells
mast cells detect foreign microorganisms and initiate immune responses, release histamines, secrete enzymes
adipocytes fat cells contain vacuoles for lipid storage
areolar tissue gel like matrix with all three fiber types, cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells wraps and cushions organs, macrophages phagocytize inflammation widely distributed under epithelia of body flexible and permits muscles to move freely without pulling, most cells are fibroblasts, collagen and elastic fibers are clearly visible
adipose tissue closely packed adipocytes, have nucleus pushed to the side by fat droplet reserve food fuel, insulates, supports and protects organs, shock absorber under skin in subcutaneous tissue, around kidneys and eyeballs, within abdomen, around heart and bone marrow infants have brown fat, adults have white fat, displacement of nucleus and cytoplasm
reticular tissue network of reticular fibers in loose ground substance fibers forms a soft internal skeleton that supports other cell types including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages lymphoid organs internal support framework for soft organs, reticular fibers interspersed with small, oval, reticulocytes
dense regular connective tissue collagen fibers, fibroblasts attaches bone to muscle and bone to bone tendons, ligaments and aponeuroses thick bands of collagen
dense regular elastic tissue high proportions of elastic fibers allows recoil of tissues following stretching, blood flow and passive recoil of lungs walls of large arteries, certain ligaments in vertebral column, bronchial tube walls elastic connective tissues
blood red and white blood cells in fluid matrix transport gases, nutrients and waste blood vessels formed elements suspended in plasma, formed elements are erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes
bone hard calcified matrix containing collagen, osteocytes lie in lacunae supports and protects, stores calcium bones surrounded by periosteum that contains osteoblasts, mature into osteocytes, lamellae surround central canal, canaliculi provide channels in lamellae
hyaline cartilage amorphous but firm matrix, collagen fibers form imperceptible network, chondroblasts produce matrix and lie in lacunae when osteocytes supports and reinforces, resists compressive stress forms embryotic skeleton, covers ends of long bones, forms costal part of ribs, nose, trachea, and larynx most common cartilage, lacks fibers in matrix
elastic cartilage more elastic fiber than hyaline maintains shape with flexibility supports external ear and epiglottis visible elastic fibers
fibrocartilage less firm than hyaline, thick collagen fibers tensile strength and shock absorber intervertebral discs, pubis symphysis, discs of knee joint abundant and visible collagen fibers
skeletal muscle tissue long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells, striations voluntary movement, voluntary control in skeletal muscles myoblasts form muscle fibers, striations formed from myofilaments (actin and myosin)
cardiac muscle tissue branching, striated, uninucleate cells propels blood into circulation, involuntary control walls of the heart each cardiocyte has a single nucleus and is branched
smooth muscle tissue spindle shaped cells with central nuclei, no striations propels substances or objects along internal passageways, involuntary control walls of hollow organs no striations
nervous tissue neurons are branching cells, glial cells also insulate and protect neurons transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors brain, spinal cord and nerves signal goes to the soma, to the dendrites, and then to the axon to the effectors
Regeneration of tissues from none to shortest none- cardiac and nervous, weak- skeletal and cartilage, moderate- smooth and dense, good- epithelial, bone, areolar, dense irregular and blood
Created by: daijagreen55
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