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Andre'a Fitutasi
Mid-Point Study Anatomy 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy is defined as the study of the _____ of a living organism. | Structure |
| Physiology is defined as the study of the _____ of a living organism. | Function |
| The space that encloses the brain and spinal cord forms one continuous cavity called the _____ cavity. | Dorsal |
| Another name for the midsagittal plane is | Median |
| The body as a whole can be subdivided into two major divisions. They are | Axial and Appendicular |
| The most abundant element essential to life is | Carbon |
| A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer shells of two atoms is called a(n) _____ bond. | Covalent |
| Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the: | Transfer of electrons from one atom to another |
| Hydrogen bonds result from unequal charge distribution on a molecule. Such molecules are said to be | Polar |
| The atomic number tells you the | The number of protons in the nucleus |
| A molecule that is polar: | Can form a hydrogen bond and has an unequal charge |
| A force holding two atoms together is a(n) | A chemical bond |
| As a result of which reaction during catabolism is a water molecule added to break a larger compound into smaller subunits? | Hydrolysis |
| An element that contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons is called a(n) | Isotope |
| Which subatomic particles carry a charge? | Protons and Electrons |
| Atoms with fewer than eight electrons in the outer energy level will attempt to lose, gain, or share electrons with other atoms to achieve stability. This tendency is called the | Octet rule |
| A spherical membrane-bound structure that contains the genetic material of the cell and is often referred to as the “command center” of the cell is the | Nucleus |
| This membranous organelle contains oxidase and catalase enzymes. | Peroxisome |
| This organelle is primarily a sac of powerful digestive enzymes called acid hydrolases. | Lysosome |
| Which of the following is a type of cell extension that lines the intestines and other areas of the body? | Microvilli |
| Ribosomes are organelles that | float in the cytoplasm and attach to the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| Of the following, the only organelle that has a double membrane structure is the | Mitochondrion |
| This organelle has both a cis and a trans face | Golgi apparatus |
| This organelle primarily modifies products from the rough ER, and it resembles a stack of hollow saucers, one cupped inside the next. | Golgi apparatus |
| Often referred to as the “power plant” of the cell, which organelle is the site of ATP production? | Mitochondrion |
| This organelle is characterized by folded membranes called cristae. | Mitochondrion |
| The inside of the cell is composed largely of a gel-like substance called | Cytoplasm |
| This membranous organelle is the site of protein synthesis for proteins that are secreted by the cell. | Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| Cisternae of this organelle are continuous with the nuclear envelope. | Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| Which of the following cytoskeleton elements are the largest in diameter? | Microtubules |
| The outer boundary of a human cell is called the | Plasma membrane. |
| Phospholipids of the plasma membrane are arranged | As a bilayer with their nonpolar tails sandwiched between the polar heads. |
| A major function of the cell membrane is to | Control what enters and leaves the cell. |
| Which area of the cytoplasm near the nucleus coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules in the cell? | Centrosome |
| Which type of junction is formed when membrane channels of adjacent plasma membranes adhere to each other? | Gap junction |
| This organelle is numerous in liver and kidney cells | Peroxisome |
| Adipose tissue is | A storage tissue |
| The most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is | Connective |
| The basic determinant of skin color is | Melanin |
| Which principal type of tissue covers and protects body surfaces and lines body cavities? | Epithelial |
| The _____ junction “glues” the epidermis and dermis together and provides mechanical support for the epidermis. | dermoepidermal |
| The skin glands include three kinds of microscopic glands. They are the __________ glands. | sweat, sebaceous, and ceruminous |
| The External Ear is composed of | elastic cartilage. |
| The two main layers that compose the skin are the dermis and | epidermis. |
| The connective tissue membranes that line the spaces between bones and joints are called _____ membranes. | synovial |
| Besides water, extracellular matrix contains | proteins and proteoglycans. |
| The union of basal and fibroreticular laminae forms the | basement membrane. |
| Cells in a tissue are surrounded by or embedded in a complex extracellular material called a | matrix. |
| The mixed secretions of sebaceous and ceruminous glands form a brown waxy substance called the | cerumen. |
| Which of the following contains osteocytes? | Bone |
| The conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the | neuron. |
| Each hair follicle has a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to it called the | arrector pili muscle. |
| The two major categories of body membranes are | epithelial and connective. |
| Which of the following is not a principal type of tissue? | cardiac |
| The epidermis is composed of several types of epithelial cells. One type, called keratinocytes, become filled with a tough, fibrous protein called | keratin. |
| The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called | extracellular matrix. |
| Of the many different kinds of protein compounds in the body, which is the most abundant? | collagen |
| Which of the following is not a primary germ layer? | epiderm |
| Which of the following contains intercalated disks? | cardiac muscle |
| Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelial cells are found in the | epidermis. |
| The dermis is composed of two layers, a thin papillary layer and a thick _____ layer. | reticular |
| A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called | mucus |
| All glands in the body can be classified as either | exocrine or endocrine |
| Which type of tissue has cube-shaped cells and can be found lining the kidney tubules? | simple cuboidal epithelium |
| Which of the following is the most superficial layer of the epidermis? | stratum corneum |
| Anatomically speaking, which bones compose the wrist? | carpals |
| The most common type of cartilage is | hyaline |
| The largest sesamoid bone in the body is the | patella. |
| The vertebral bones that support the small (lower section) of the back are the | lumbar vertebrae. |
| Which lower leg bone is smaller and is located laterally? | fibula |
| The bone that articulates with the temporal bone in the only movable joint of the skull is the | mandible. |
| _____ fibers are present in all three types of cartilage, but they are most numerous in fibrocartilage. | Collagenous |
| Fibrocartilage can be found in the | symphysis pubis. |
| Which two bones compose the shoulder girdle? | clavicle and scapula |
| Of the five metacarpal bones that form the framework of the hand, the _____ metacarpal forms the most freely movable joint with the carpal bones. | Of the five metacarpal bones that form the framework of the hand, the _____ metacarpal forms the most freely movable joint with the carpal bones. |
| Which bone serves as the keystone in the architecture of the cranium? | sphenoid |
| Which structures are unique to the fetal skull and provide additional space for molding the head shape as the baby passes through the birth canal? | fontanels |
| Why are the last two pairs of false ribs designated as floating ribs? | Floating ribs do not attach even indirectly to the sternum. |
| Cartilage is classified as _____ tissue. | connective |
| The main shaft-like portion of a long bone is the | diaphysis. |
| What structures normally hold the foot bones firmly in their arched positions? | ligaments and tendons |
| The extracellular components of bone matrix are | hard and calcified. |
| The dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces is the | periosteum. |
| Bone marrow is a specialized type of soft, diffuse connective tissue called | myeloid tissue. |
| Which pelvic bone is the most anteriorly placed? | pubis |
| The very small bone that lies just posterior and lateral to each nasal bone is the | lacrimal. |
| Which two bones join to form the posterior part of the hard palate? | palatine |
| The bone that claims the distinction of being the only bone in the body that articulates with no other bones is the | hyoid. |
| Which bone is the longest and heaviest bone in the body? | femur |
| Molecules are: | atoms combined to form larger chemical aggregates. |
| An organ is one organizational level higher than a(n): | tissue. |
| A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is: | coronal. |
| An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a(n): | tissue. |
| The structure that is called the “powerhouse” of the cell is the: | mitochondria. |
| From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are: | chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism. |
| A sagittal section divides the body into _____ portions. | right and left |
| A plane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called: | sagittal. |
| The abdominal quadrants are located with what structure as their midpoint? | Umbilicus |
| The number of abdominal regions is: | nine. |
| Several kinds of tissues working together are termed a(n) | organ. |
| Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of: | organelles. |
| The lungs are located in the: | thoracic cavity. |
| The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are: | cells. |
| Popliteal refers to the | area behind the knee. |
| What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer the surface? | Superficial |
| A frontal section divides the body into _____ portions. | front and back |
Created by:
Afitutasi
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