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Salts

These are questions based on the topic we did on salts

QuestionAnswer
What is a salt? A compound formed when some or all of the replaceable hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal or ammonium ions
What is a normal salt? Formed when ALL of the replaceable hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal or ammonium ions. All acids can form normal salts
What is a acid salt? Formed when the replaceable hydrogen ions in an acid are only partially replaced by metal or ammonium ions. Only dibasic and tribasic acids can form acid salts.
What is a hydrated salt? Salts with fixed number of water molecules in their crystal lattice/salts containing water of crystallization
What is an anhydrous salt? Salts without water of crystallization
What is ionic precipitation The reaction of two soluble salts in solution to form an insoluble salt. One solution contains the cation of the desired salt, the other solution contains the anion of the desired salt
Step 1: Preparing an insoluble salt using direct combination Choose two soluble salts, one containing the cations required to make the salt the other containing the anions required
Step 2: Preparing an insoluble salt Dissolve the two salts in water to make solutions
Step 3: Preparing an insoluble salt Mix the two solutions to form the insoluble salt as a precipitate
Step 4: Preparing an insoluble salt Filter the mixture and collect the precipitate as the residue
Step 5 : Preparing an insoluble salt Wash the residue with distilled water while it is still in the filter funnel and leave it to dry
Solubility rule : All NITRATES are soluble
Solubility rule: All group 1(eg. sodium) salts are soluble
List 3 main ways of preparing soluble salts 1) Direct combination 2) React a reactive metal/insoluble carbonate/insoluble base with an acid 3) React an alkali and an acid using titration method
Prep Guide 1: Is the salt soluble in water? Yes----> next question No -----> Use ionic precipitation
Prep Guide 2: Is the salt a potassium, sodium or ammonium salt? Yes---> use a titration No ----> next question
Prep Guide 3: is the salt an anhydrous chloride? Yes---> Use direct combination No----> Use a reactive metal/insoluble carbonate/insoluble base + acid
Step 1: Titration to prepare soluble salt Choose an appropriate alkali or soluble carbonate to provide the cations and an appropriate acid to supply the anions
Step 2: Titration to prepare soluble salt Measure a fixed volume of the aqueous alkali or carbonate using a pipette. Run it into a conical flask and a few drops of an indicator solution e.g. phenolphthalein
Step3: Titration to prepare soluble salt Place the acid in a burette and take the initial burette reading
Step4: Titration to prepare soluble salt Add the acid to the aqueous alkali or carbonate until the neutralization point is reached ( indicator changes color)
Step 5: Titration to prepare soluble salt Take a final burette reading and determine the volume of acid added
Step 6:Titration to prepare soluble salt Repeat the titration of acid until you have three volumes of acid within 0.1cm3 of each other. Average these volumes to determine the volume if acid needed
Step 7: Titration to prepare soluble salt Add this volume of acid to the fixed volume of aqueous alkali or carbonate without the indicator
Step 8: Titration to prepare soluble salt Evaporate the water from the solution
This salt is used as an ingredient in baking powder Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3)
This salt is used to soften hard water Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
This salt is used in the manufacture of cement for use in the construction industry Calcium carbonate
This salt has various medicinal and therapeutic uses Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)- Epsom salt
Three salts used in food preservation Sodium chloride(NaCl), sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2), sodium benzoate
This salt is used in the manufacture of plaster of Paris, which is used when setting broken bones and as a building material Calcium sulfate - gypsum
State one danger of consuming NaCl Excessive consumption can lead to hypertension (high blood pressure)
State one danger of consuming NaNO3 and NaNO2 May increase a risk for developing cancer. Has been linked to causing brain damage in children
State one danger of consuming sodium benzoate Has been linked to increasing hyperactivity and asthma in children. May increase a person's risk of developing cancer
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