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Anatomy & Physiology

cell parts

TermDefinition
Nucleus Organelle which contains DNA, which is the instructions for making proteins in a cell
Chromatin The "working" form of DNA in which the molecule is uncoiled and spread out
Nuclear Envelope A membrane that separates nuclear contents from the cytoplasm
Nucleolus A dense region that contains RNA and proteins; it is the site where ribosomes are made
Ribosomes Provides structure and enzymes for the process of protein synthesis (protein synthesis= manufacturing proteins)
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum A system of connected membranes. Many ribosomes use this membrane as a platform for protein synthesis
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum A system of connected membranes (no ribosomes). Specialized for synthesizing lipids and carbohydrates
Vesicles A sac that is formed in the cytoplasm for storage or transport of molecules within the cell
Golgi body/apparatus Prepares cellular products to be secreted from the cell
MItochondria Contains enzymes that help transform energy from food molecules into ATP energy molecules that the cell can use (process of cellular respiration)
Lysosomes Contains digestive enzymes; breaks down worn out cell parts, bacteria, etc
Peroxisomes Contains enzymes that help break down hydrogen peroxide and other toxins
Cytoskeleton System of protein tubules and filaments that provides a framework and scaffolding for the cell
Centrosome / centriole Organizes microtubules- particularly during the process of cell division (mitosis and cytokinesis)
MIcrovilli Finger-shaped extensions of the plasma membrane to increase cell surface area to allow greater absorption
Cilia Microscopic hair-like particles on the exposed surfaces of certain epithelial cells
Flagella Relatively long tail-like process extending from a cell that aids in cell movements (in humans only found in sperm cells)
Created by: cayla.marie
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