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Posterior Thigh/Leg
Posterior Thigh/Leg OINAs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gastrocnemius Origin | (lateral head) lateral surface of lateral condyle and distal end of lateral supracondylar line of femur. (Medial Head) popliteal surface of femur, above medial condyle |
| Gastrocnemius Insertion | Both heads join a common tendon (together with soleus) > calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) > inserts into posterior surface of calcaneus. |
| Gastrocnemius Nerve | Tibial Nerve |
| Gastrocnemius Action | Plantar flexion of foot at ankle joint, assists in flexion of leg at knee joint |
| Soleus Origin | soleal line and middle third of medial border of tibia, posterior surface of head of fibula, upper third of posterior surface of shaft of fibula, and tendinous arch between tibial and fibular attachments. |
| Soleus Insertion | Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (soleus + gastrocnemius |
| Soleus Nerve | Tibial Nerve |
| Soleus Action | Plantar flexion of foot at ankle joint. |
| Plantaris Origin | Lower part of lateral supracondylar line of femur, immediately above origin of lateral head of gastrocnemius |
| Plantaris Insertion | Tendon passes inferiorly and medially between gastrocnemius and soleus > descends along medial border of calcaneal tendon > inserts into posterior surface of calcaneus |
| Plantaris Nerve | Tibial Nerve |
| Plantaris Action | Assists in plantar flexion of foot at ankle joint and in flexion of leg at knee joint. |
| Flexor Digitorum Longus Origin | Posterior surface of shaft of tibia, inferior to soleal line. |
| Flexor Digitorum Longus Insertion | Tendon passes posterior to medial malleolus, under flexor retinaculum > enters sole of foot > divides into 4 tendons for lateral 4 toes > tendons inserts into bases of distal |
| Flexor Digitorum Longus Nerve | Tibial Nerve |
| Flexor Digitorum Longus Action | Flexion of lateral 4 toes, plantar flexion of foot at ankle joint, helps support longitudinal arches of foot. |
| Flexor Hallucis Longus Origin | Lower 2/3 of posterior surface of shaft of fibula |
| Flexor Hallucis Longus Insertion | Tendon lies in groove between medial and lateral tubercles of posterior process of talus > passes posterior to medial malleolus, under flexor retinaculum > passes inferior to sustentaculum tali > inserts into base of distal phalanx of big toe. |
| Flexor Hallucis Longus Nerve | Tibial Nerve |
| Flexor Hallucis Longus Action | Flexion of big toe, plantar flexion of foot at ankle, helps to support medial longitudinal arch of foot. |
| Tibialis Posterior Origin | Posterior surface of shaft of tibia (inferior to soleal line), upper half of posterior surface of shaft of fibula, and interosseous membrane. |
| Tibialis Posterior Insertion | passes posterior to medial malleolus, under flexor retinaculum > inserts into tuberosity of navicular (via small tendinous slips also inserts into cuboid, cuneiforms, and bases of 2nd to 4th metatarsals) |
| Tibialis Posterior Nerve | Tibial Nerve |
| Tibialis Posterior Action | Plantar flexion of foot at ankle joint, inversion of foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints, helps to support medial longitudinal arch of foot, tendinous slips of insertion help in holding bones of foot together. |
| Popliteus Origin | Within capsule of knee joint, from lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur (a few fibers originate from lateral meniscus of knee joint). |
| Popliteus Insertion | Passes inferiorly and medially > emerges from knee joint and inserts into posterior surface of shaft of tibia, superior to soleal line. |
| Popliteus Nerve | Tibial Nerve |
| Popliteus Action | Medial rotation of tibia or lateral rotation of femur. Assists with flexion of leg at knee joint |
| Biceps Femoris Origin | (Long Head) Ischial Tuberosity. (Short Head) Linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur. |
| Biceps Femoris Insertion | Two heads join, and common tendon inserts into head of fibula. |
| Biceps Femoris Nerve | (Long Head) Tibial division of sciatic nerve. (Short Head) Common fibular division of sciatic nerve |
| Biceps Femoris Action | Flextion and lateral rotation of leg at knee joint. Extension of thigh at hip (Long head only) |
| Biceps Femoris Blood | Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery. |
| Semitendinosus Origin | Ischial Tuberosity |
| Semitendinosus Insertion | By a long tendon into upper part of medial surface of shaft of tibia. |
| Semitendinosus Nerve | Tibial division of sciatic nerve |
| Semitendinosus Action | Flexion and medial rotation of leg at knee joint. Extension of thigh at hip joint. |
| Semitendinosus Blood | Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery. |
| Semimembranosus Origin | Ischial Tuberosity |
| Semimembranosus Insertion | Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia, tendon sends an expansion that reinforces posterior aspect of capsule of knee joint (oblique popliteal ligament) |
| Semimembranosus Nerve | Tibial division of sciatic nerve |
| Semimembranosus Action | Flexion and medial rotation of leg at knee joint. Extension of thigh at hip joint. |
| Semimembranosus Blood | Perforating branches |
Created by:
MichaelR
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