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Unit 2

TermDefinition
Atomic radius The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the size of its atoms, usually the mean or typical distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding shells of electrons
Chemical Family n chemistry, a group is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table; the f-block columns are not numbered
EM Spectrum The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies.
Electronegativity Electronegativity, symbolized as χ, is the tendency for an atom of a given chemical element to attract shared electron when forming a chemical bond. An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its V.Electron
Frequency Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time. It is also occasionally referred to as temporal frequency to emphasize the contrast to spatial frequency, and ordinary frequency to emphasize the contrast to angular frequency
Ionic Radius Ionic radius, rᵢₒₙ, is the radius of a monatomic ion in an ionic crystal structure. Although neither atoms nor ions have sharp boundaries, they are sometimes treated as if they were hard spheres
ionization energy In physics and chemistry, ionization energy or ionisation energy is the minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron of an isolated neutral gaseous atom or molecule.
Isotopes Isotopes are two or more types of atoms that have the same atomic number and position in the periodic table, and that differ in nucleon numbers due to different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.
Planck Constant The Planck constant, or Planck's constant, is a fundamental physical constant denoted h, and is of fundamental importance in quantum mechanics. A photon's energy is equal to its frequency multiplied by the Planck constant.
Valence Electrons In chemistry and physics, a valence electron is an electron in the outer shell associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed; in a single covalent bond.
Wavelength In a wave the distance between any given point and the same point in the next wave cycle. ... Wavelength the distance between any given point and the same point in the next wave cycle.
Alkali Metals The alkali metals consist of the chemical elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and francium. Together with hydrogen they constitute group 1, which lies in the s-block of the periodic table
Alkaline Earth Metals The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table. They are beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium.
Atom An atom is the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are extremely small, typically around 100 picometers across.
Atomic # the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.
Average Atomic Mass The average atomic mass (sometimes called atomic weight) of an element is the weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of the element.
Electrons The electric charge is negative one elementary charge. Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family, and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure
Electrons Affinity The electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as the amount of energy released when an electron is attached to a neutral atom or molecule in the gaseous state to form a negative ion
Halogens Any of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, occupying group VIIA (17) of the periodic table. They are reactive nonmetallic elements that form strongly acidic compounds with hydrogen from which simple salts can be made.
Mass # The mass number, also called atomic mass number or nucleon number, is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus. It is approximately equal to the atomic mass of the atom expressed in atomic mass units
Neutrons The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol n or n⁰ , which has a neutral charge, and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton. Protons and neutrons constitute the nuclei of atom
Noble Gases The noble gases make up a class of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, very low chemical reactivity. The six naturally occurring noble gases are helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and the radioactive radon.
Nucleus The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment
Oxidation #'s Oxygen usually has an oxidation number of -2. . The oxidation number of the sulfur atom in the SO42- ion must be +6, for example, because the sum of the oxidation numbers of the atoms in this ion must equal -2.
Photon The photon is a type of elementary particle. It is the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves
Proton A proton is a subatomic particle, symbol p or p⁺ , with a positive electric charge of +1e elementary charge and a mass slightly less than that of a neutron.
Speed of Light The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted c, is a universal physical constant important in many areas of physics. Its exact value is defined as 299792458 metres per second
Transition Metal In chemistry, the term transition metal has three possible definitions: The IUPAC definition defines a transition metal as "an element whose atom has a partially filled d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell"
Created by: Michael_Diaz
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